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Smolensk Excavations at Smolensk in the western USSR have begun to increase our knowledge of early medieval Russia. Stone and timber houses and five churches of the Pre-Mongol period have been discovered; colourful frescoes imitating Byzantine silks were found attached to the lower parts of the church walls.Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Shanidar Cave in northern Iraq at an altitude of 745 metres. A small village site outside, Zawi Chemi Shanidar, has produced some evidence for early farming at the time of the Zarzian, whose levels at the summit of the cave are about 10,000 be. Beneath early Upper Palaeolithic levels are Mousterian layers...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Samate Settlement site of the Late Mesolithic Narva culture, located in the southeast Baltic province of Latvia, USSR. The single culture level has radiocarbon dates of 2950-2550 be and contains a rich collection of Narva pointed-base pottery and bone implements.Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Samate Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Sakçe Gözü Tell site in southeast Turkey, occupied in the Neolithic period, with a sequence of wares relating the Amuq and Halaf pottery styles. In the early 1st millennium bc the site was reoccupied and a Syro-Hittite palace erected on the northwest corner of the citadel, decorated with reliefs and inscrip...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Sakçe Gözü Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Sabz Tell site in Khuzistan, southwest Iran, which has given its name to a phase in the prehistoric sequence. It succeeds the Muhammad Jafar phase (see Ali Kosh), though probably only after a gap; it has radiocarbon dates in the range 5500-5250 be. It is characterized by the appearance of painted pott...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Sabz Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Sabatinovka [Sabatinivka]. In this village near Uljanov in the western Ukraine, USSR, there are several Tripolye sites, the most important being Sabatinovka II (an early Tripolye site of the early 4th millennium be) and Sabatinovka I (a late Tripolye site yielding a knot-headed copper pin comparable to early...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Qishan [Ch’i-shan], A district in Shaanxi province, China, just west of Fufeng. The Zhou people are said to have settled at Qishan several generations before they overthrew the Shang dynasty, and Qishan remained a major centre after the founding of the Zhou dynasty. A large palace complex discovered in ...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Qatna An impressive fortified city east of Homs in Syria. Excavation has found evidence of 3rd-millennium bc occupation, but the fortifications — consisting of a free-standing plaster-faced glacis (bank) — belong to the Middle Bronze Age in the early 2nd millennium bc and were probably constructed by t...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Ancient Cities

Ozette A group of sites located on the western tip of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State, USA. Three to five centuries ago the principal site, a Makah Indian village, was completely engulfed by a mudslide which preserved several plank houses and their contents. The over 60,000 artefacts recovered, ...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Oxyrhynchus An ancient Egyptian town some 11 km west of the Nile on the left bank of the Bahr Yusuf, best known for its papyri texts. Oxyrhynchus was a regional capital, and derives its name from the fish (Greek oxyrhynchus: ‘sharp-nosed’) with which the locally worshipped deity of Seth was associated. Littl...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Ancient Cities

Otzaki Neolithic tell site on the Thessalian plain of northern Greece. Early levels have yielded pottery of Impressed ware type, labelled Pre-Sesklo, but the main occupation belongs to the Middle Neolithic Sesklo culture. This stratum has rectangular mudbrick houses with internal buttresses and abundant...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Olympia At Elis in the Peloponnese, Southern Greece, was the sanctuary of Olympian Zeus and his consort, Hera, and the regular venue for the original Olympic Games. Perhaps first attracting use as an earth shrine and oracle (see Delphi and Delos), the site shows signs of continuous occupation from early ...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Nok The name given to the archaeological manifestation of a very early Iron Age settlement on the southern and western slopes of the Jos Plateau in Nigeria. Attention was first drawn to the Iron Age archaeology of this area by the recovery during mining operations of numbers of fine pottery human fig...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Nok Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Nitrianski Hradok A multi-phase defended settlement site of the earlier Bronze Age, located on the banks of the River Nitra, west Slovakia. Little excavation has taken place in the interior. The fort was defended by a double ditch and timber-framed rampart. TELL-like accumulation of material from substantial occup...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Nitrianski Hradok Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Neapolis See Naples.Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Cities, Place Names

Neapolis Added by archaeologs | Ancient Cities, Place Names

Nasik Rock-cut Buddhist temple in the western Deccan, India, dating to the early centuries ad.Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Cities, Place Names

Naples Greek neapolis, ‘new city’ (a name common in antiquity). The principal Greek city of Campania, southern Italy, but probably only of modest size and importance during the Roman period. Tradition gives the settlement as a daughter colony founded by Greeks from Cumae, and a 7th-century bc date looks...Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Cities, Place Names

Nakada [NagadaJ. See Pre-Dynastic Egypt.Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Architectural

Nakada A settlement site in the western suburbs of Tokyo, Japan, best known for the 79 pit houses of the Kofun Period. A change in heating and cooking methods was introduced in the middle of the Kofun Period, from a central hearth on the floor to a clay stove built against the wall. Various, but not num...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Architectural

Nakada Added by archaeologs | Place Names, Architectural

Nagyrev The type site for a regional group of the earlier Bronze Age, distributed in the lowlands of northern Hungary and dated c2300-1500 be. Most known settlement sites are tells surrounded by enclosing banks and ditches. Whilst timber-framed houses are common, clay houses with internal partitions are ...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Nagyrev Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Mycenae A major citadel of the Greek Bronze Age situated in the Argolid, in the northeast Peloponnese. It was occupied in the Early Bronze Age, but became powerful in the Middle and Late Bronze Age after, it is believed, an invasion by Greek-speaking peoples. Among the most important monuments of Mycenae...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Ancient Cities

Mureybat [Mureybet, Mureybit]. A site on the middle Euphrates c80 km east of Aleppo in Syria, occupied from c8500 to 6900 be. The site went through three major occupation phases, beginning with a Natufian village of round huts and expanding to cover some three hectares with both rectangular and round hous...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Mureybat Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Monteoru The type site for a long-lasting Bronze Age culture of the Sub-Carpathian zone (south Poland, northeast Rumania), lasting through much of the 2nd millennium be. Ilie type site of Sarata-Monteoru comprises a citadel with a long occupation and four large grave groupings in an adjoining cemetery. Th...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Mohenjo-Daro One of the two major cities of the Harappan civilization of the 3rd millennium bc. Mohenjo-Daro, in the upper Sind district of Pakistan, is the largest of all the Indus Valley sites, covering cl 00 hectares, of which nearly one third has been excavated. Its population has been estimated as around...Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Cities, Place Names

Mitla Located 40 km southeast of Monte Alban in Oaxaca, Mexico, Mitla was first occupied in the Middle Pre-Classic and was still in use at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Major construction in the Early Post-Classic coincides with the abandonment of Monte Alban, suggesting that it became a new locus ...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Mildenhall Thistley Green, West Row, 5 km from Mildenhall in Suffolk, eastern England is the find-site of a hoard of 4th-century Roman silver plate, richly decorated with figured reliefs. The 34 pieces include a large dish (roughly 60 cm in diameter) depicting the head of Oceanus, ringed by friezes of sea a...Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Cities, Place Names

Megiddo Large tell above the Plain of Esdraelon in Israel, excavated by the Oriental Institute of Chicago in the 1920s and 1930s. The ambitious aim of the project was to excavate the entire mound, layer by layer. This proved beyond the resources of the Institute, even at that period of cheap labour, but ...Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Cities, Place Names

Marlik Tepe Royal cemetery of early Iron Age (late 2nd millennium bc) date, occupying a natural spur overlooking a fertile valley southwest of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran. A total of 53 graves was excavated in the early 1960s; some contained rectangular stone slabs, on which the body with its grave good...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Lubna The type site for a regional group of the earlier Bronze Age Trzciniec culture, the Lubna group is distributed in central Poland in the early 2nd millennium be. Stratified settlement sites are rare, with many sites constructed in sandy areas. One of the best-preserved cemeteries is the type site,...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Architectural

Lubna Added by archaeologs | Place Names, Architectural

Lubaantun A Late Classic Maya centre, located on the Rio Grande in southern Belize [formerly British Honduras]. Built in the early 8th century on a ridge in the foothills of the Maya Mountains, a considerable amount of fill (3000 cubic metres) was required to alter the topography sufficiently to allow the ...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Liulige [Liu-li-ko]. A town in Hui Xian, Henan province, China, where many burials of the Shang and Eastern Zhou periods have been excavated. The Shang burials, some containing bronze ritual vessels, belong to the Erligang phase. Eastern Zhou finds at Liulige range in date from the 7th to the 2nd century...Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Cities, Place Names

Lindholme Heje A site on the northern shore of Limfjord in Jutland, used as a grave-field from the prehistoric period until the Viking era. In the 11th century it was overlaid by a Viking village. Extensive excavations, combined with documentary references, suggest that during the 11th century Lindholm Hoje fun...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Lindholme Heje Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Lebous A settlement site of the Copper Age Fontbouisse culture in Herault, southern France, dated to the early 2nd millennium bc (mid-3rd millennium bc). The settlement was enclosed by a dry-stone wall, set with circular towers at regular intervals. It was once interpreted as a colony from the Aegean (a...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Lebous Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Las Bocas Located on a natural opening in the hills of Puebla, Mexico, this site is particularly well known for its hollow figurines and other pottery in the Olmec style (e.g. babyish features, the down-turned mouth and the jaguar paw-hand motif). Unfortunately the site has been the object of considerable ...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Jhukar A site in Sind province, Pakistan, which has given its name to a prehistoric culture of the 2nd millenium BC. At the type site and at Amri and Chanhu-Daro, levels of the Jhukar culture succeed those of the Harappan Civilization; indeed, some authorities regard Jhukar as a late version of the Hara...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Jerusalem City sited on the Judaean hills, occupied for more than 4000 years and now the capital of Israel. Many excavations have taken place since the 1860s, but because of the long history of destruction and rebuilding on the site, it has been difficult to reconstruct the development of the city. Sporadi...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Ancient Cities

Jericho Known today as Tell es-Sultan, Jericho lies in an oasis in the Jordan Valley north of the Dead Sea, on a main east-west route. Its long stratigraphy documents almost continuous occupation from before 9000 be to cl580 bc. At the base of the tell was a Natuf-ian deposit, associated with a rectangul...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Ancient Cities

Jemdet Nasr [Jamdat Nasr]. Site between Baghdad and Babylon in southern Iraq which has given its name both to a painted ware characterized by red and black designs on a buff ground, and to the period when this pottery was in use. This period falls between the Uruk phase and the Early Dynastic Period and is u...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

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