A lionheaded deity with cult centers at Musawwarat el-Sufra and Naqa in Sudan.
A term meaning 'all Greek', referring to regional sanctuaries which attracted dedications from within the Greek world.
An axhead of flint or other stone, commonly used for Neolithic types
Any specific interval of time in the archaeological record, such as the Upper Paleolithic period. This term is often confusingly used interchangeably with phase and stage. A period is a true time division of the history of a large region (such as the Valley of Mexico or southern China) and does n...
Site in western Molokai, Hawaii, with large midden deposits and stone structures from a fishing community, dated to 1750 AD.
Mesoamerican rain and fertility god, usually depicted wearing a fringed mouth-mask or a spectacle-shaped frame round his eyes, recognized this way in the art of the Aztec people of Teotihuacán. Under various names Tlaloc was worshipped by other of the Mexican tribes: Chac (Lowland Maya), Tajin (T...
Middle Palaeolithic cave in the Greater Caucasus of Georgia with two main cultural layers. Tools are scrapers and points and the newer assemblage has Levallois technique tools and blades.
A primary forming technique for producing pottery vessels, similar to pinching, whereby the body is pulled upward from the center of a ball of tempered clay with thumb and fingers.
The art of working metals. Various techniques include annealing, repoussé, cire perdue, cold-working, casting, forging, carburization, quenching, tempering, soldering, smelting, welding, and creation of alloys.
In pottery decoration, the roughening of the surface of a pot which may or may not have an applied slip. The roughening may be achieved using fingers, fingernails, twigs, etc., and though it may be pure decoration, in most cases it is probably a device to prevent a greasy pot slipping through the...
In Scandinavia and other parts of Europe, there is evidence of a variety of longhouse with bowed sides during the Viking period. The finest examples have been excavated at 11th-century Viking camps such as Trelleborg in southern Jutland. A reconstructed example there has walls made of halved tree...
An important Predynastic and Archaic settlement and necropolis in southern Upper Egypt (Luxor). The town's population was in excess of 5000 and it was particularly associated with the god Horus. In proto-dynastic times Hierakonpolis was the capital of southern Egypt. Discoveries of this period ar...
The melting and fusion of glassy minerals within clay during the high-temperature firing of pottery (above 1000 C), resulting in loss of porosity. It occurs when clay particles fuse together as glass - a process starting between 800-900 degrees C and completed at about 1200 degrees C.
Arabic term for building out of mud, especially mud mixed with straw that is applied to the top of the wall and allowed to dry before a further course is added.
The study of bones; a branch of anatomy dealing with bones.
Glass based on potash as a flux with high concentrations of lead. It is heavy, lustrous, and more refractive than other forms of glass.
A humanistic approach relying on ideational factors to explain archaeological findings, interpreting the past rather than testing hypotheses with scientific methods. The postprocessual paradigm sees change as arising from individuals' interactions within a symbolic or competitive system.
A major Roman city of Judea (modern Jordan), founded by the Seleucids. Extensive remains include colonnaded street, forum, stadium, triumphal arch, theater, and temples to Athena and Zeus. Gerasa was one of the 10 cities of the Decapolis league.
A Late Eneolithic (Copper Age) culture, a regional variant of the Baden group (southwestern Hungary), in southeast and central Europe in the 3rd millennium BC. Although some settlement sites are known, the majority of Pécel sites are cemeteries with cremation and inhumation burial.
A tool used for digging where the blade is at right angles to the handle.
The region containing the statistical population to be sampled, determined by the research question
A Copper Age tell in northeastern Bulgaria, dated to the mid-4th millennium BC, with many occupation levels. Eight levels have 10-15 complete houses densely packed within a triple palisade. Poljanica resembles a Roman fort in outward appearance and the name is also applied to the Early and Middle...
A lake in northeastern Irian Jaya, northern New Guinea, known for a range of tools and weapons of bronze and brass found in burial mounds. These artifacts are undated, but could represent a metallurgical industry established by Indonesian traders in recent centuries. New Guinea has no other ancie...
The site of one of the largest of the Maltese temple complexes, in southwest Malta. It contains three separate temples, constructed over a considerable period of time. The buildings have numerous altars of various shapes and a variety of niches and recesses. Many of the stones have pitted decorat...
In architecture, any of various elements that form the foot or base, of a structure, such as a raised pedestal or base, a low wall supporting columns, or the structurally or decoratively emphasized lowest portion of a wall. The podium formed a sort of shelf or seat around a wall. The term podium ...
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