Place Names

Discover the ancient settlements, cities or important places.

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Dura Europus A tell site on the middle Euphrates River in Syria, which was an important Parthian city, serving as a centre for trade, where merchants from areas as far apart as Palestine and Mesopotamia met. The site was occupied from its foundation by the Seleucids in the late 4th century bc, until its destr...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Dura Europus Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Dunhuang [Tun-huang]. Chinese frontier outpost at the western end of the Gansu Corridor where the Silk Route branches before crossing Central Asia. Dunhuang was established as a Han military commandery in 111 bc and many documents and manuscripts dating from the Han dynasty have been found there. It was a...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Dunadd A site in Argyllshire, Scotland, which was a nuclear fort of the Kingdom of Dalriada, besieged by the Picts in 683 and 736. Unfortunately, excavations carried out at the beginning of the present century ruined much of the internal plan, but the more recent investigations succeeded in establishing...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Dereivca Late Neolithic site located on the river Omifinev, some 25 km south of Kremencug in the Ukraine, USSR, and dated to the 3rd millennium be. The main site component is a cemetery of the Mariupol type, with 106 extended inhumations arranged in groups. Adjacent to the cemetery is a settlement site wi...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Dereivca Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Delphi A dramatic site on the steep slopes of Mount Parnassus, central Greece, famous in classical antiquity as the home of the Delphic oracle. It is likely that there was pre-Hellenic use as an earth deity shrine, and the setting, with its striking backdrop of cliff-face, rock fissures and springs, was...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Ancient Cities

Damascus Modem capital of Syria. A rich oasis city, Damascus was occupied by the 3rd millennium bc, but the settlements of the prehistoric, biblical and Roman periods underlie the modem and medieval city and are therefore not readily available for excavation. Egyptian texts and references in the Bible att...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Ancient Cities

Dacia A Roman frontier province held from cl06-270 ad, comprising an area to the north of the Danube and roughly equivalent to modem Rumania. The Dacians had constituted a threat to Rome for some time, and their leader Decebalus had to be recognized as a client king by Domitian. A more determined and s...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Ancient Cities

Conelle Ditched settlement site near Arcevia in the Marche, which, together with the site of Ortucchio in Abruzzo, has given its name to a Copper Age culture of east central Italy (Conelle-Ortucchio group). The characteristic pottery is decorated with bands of impressed dots.Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Conelle Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Columnata A site some 200 km southwest of Algiers which has yielded human skeletons of Mechta-Afalou type associated with a stone industry of Iberomaurusian affinities. Some of the burials were accompanied by red ochre and perforated shell ornaments, often covered with settings of stones and, in one case, ...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Colonia The Latin name given in the later Republican and imperial Roman periods to a township, often of retired veteran soliders, strategically placed to defend imperial interests. A self-governing constitution imitated that of Rome, and the citizens had either full (Roman) citizenship or limited (Latin)...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Clovis A complex of cultural traits from the Paleo-Indian period which characterize the Llano culture of North America. A distinctive, fluted, lanceolate projectile point, especially when found in association with mammoth bones, is particularly diagnostic. The type site for this complex is Blackwater Dr...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Ciumegti A small cluster of Mesolithic and Neolithic settlement sites, located on the sand dune zone of the upper Crasna River in the Maramure§ area, northwest Rumania. Within a radius of 10 km short-term Late Mesolithic, Early Neolithic Cri§ and later Neolithic Linear Pottery sites are found, sometimes w...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Ciumegti Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Cirencester [Corinium Dobunnorum]. Situated in Gloucestershire, southwest England, Cirencester was the site of a cavalry fort during the period ad 43-70. It subsequently became the civitas capital of the Dobunni tribe and by the 3rd century the town walls enclosed cl 00 hectares. Occupation continued well in...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Choga Mish Site in southwest Iran occupied in the 6th millennium be. The earliest layers have painted pottery related to that from Muhammed Jaffar, followed by pottery of Tepe Sabz and Susiana A (see Susa) types.Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Chiusi [Roman Clusium]. Town in central Italy. Situated on a hill commanding the southern end of the Vai di Chiana, Clusium enjoyed in antiquity good agricultural fertility, deposits of iron and copper ore, natural hot springs, and a key position on trade routes. Settlement appears to be unbroken and su...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Chiusi Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Chiao-Chih [Giao-chi]. One of the nine com-manderies of the Han Chinese province of Chiao which corresponded to the region of the Red River delta, the heartland of the later (10th-century) independent state of Vietnam. The name was used by early European and West Asian traders to designate this state long a...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Chiao-Chih Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Chesowanja An open site in Kenya, which has produced the earliest evidence yet recorded of fire in association with tools. The site is dated to 1.4 million years ago and predates the previous earliest evidence for fire — at Zhoukoutien — by nearly 1 million years. However, it has been suggested that the bur...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Chedworth Here, in idyllic surroundings in the Cotswold area of southern England, stand the ruins of a large Roman villa, one of the best-preserved in Britain and probably, in its final phase, typical of a whole group of rich villas that characterized the last years of the Roman occupation. At Chedworth th...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Cheddar (1) Gough’s Cave in the Cheddar Gorge in the Mendips, southwest England, has produced late Palaeolithic remains, comprising bohe and stone tools and skeletal remains which include the nearly complete skeleton of Cheddar man. These finds probably date from about 8000 to 10,000 be and are often cal...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Charsada This site on the plain of Peshawar, at the foot of the Khyber Pass in Pakistan, is a series of mounds, up to 20 metres high, concealing the caravan city of Pushkalavati [Peukolaotis], one of the capitals of Gandhara. Occupation extended from the 6th century bc, when the Achaemenians occupied Gand...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Chandoli Site in southern India occupied in the 2nd millennium bc. Ground stone axes, copper objects (flat axes and antenna swords or daggers) and pottery of Malwa type were found. Um burials also occur.Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Cerro De Las Mesas Site in southern Veracruz, Mexico on the northern edge of the Tuxtla Mountains. Although there is a PreClassic component to the site (possibly associated with Izapa), the major occupation was in the Classic Period. An inheritor of Olmec traditions, along with nearby Tres Zapotes, Cerro survived l...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Celebes Surprisingly, this Indonesian island, situated east of Borneo, has produced the oldest Buddhist image known in the Archipelago. The image is dated to the 4th century, and although not proof of the Indianization of the area it is at least evidence of some connections with India at an early date. I...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Cayla De Mailhac See Mailhac.Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Çatalhüyük A site located south-east of Konya in Anatolia, and one of the largest Neolithic settlement known in Western Asia, covering cl 3 hectares. In the small part excavated, 14 building levels were found, without undisturbed deposits being reached. Radiocarbon dates cover the period c6250-5400 be. Cere...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Cascioarele Small long-lived settlement on an island in a former loop of the lower Danube, in southern Rumania. Excavations by V. Dumitrescu have revealed multiple occupation layers of the Middle Neolithic Boian and later Neolithic Gumelnita cultures. The former is dated c3900-3700 be, the latter c3700-3500 ...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Carnac A region of south Brittany, northern France, famous for its stone alignments. Each group consists of 10-13 parallel rows several kilometres long, some ending in semicircular or rectangular enclosures. The stones, nearly 3000 in number, were chosen carefully and planned so that they decreased stea...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Carchemish Tell site on the Euphrates River on the Turkish-Syrian border. It was occupied from the 5th millennium be, but became an important city only after the Hittite conquest in the 14th century bc. Carchemish remained important after the fall of the Hittite empire, during the period of the Syro-Hittite...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Can Hasan Site of a number of tells in the Konya plain of southern Turkey. Can Hasan III was an Aceramic Neolithic settlement, perhaps of the 7th millennium be. It had at least seven structural phases of small rectangular buildings abutting on to each other. These were built mainly of slab pisé coated with...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Cairo The capital of modern Egypt. In 641, the Arab conqueror of Egypt, Amr Ibn al-As, built a new quarter, Fustat [‘The Tents’], outside the old town of Cairo. Among the first monuments erected in Fustat was the Mosque of Amr; the present structure, however, is almost entirely of the 19th century. New...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Ancient Cities

Cabenge [Tjabenge]. A river terrace site in the Waianae valley of southwestern Sulawesi, Indonesia, which has produced a pebble tool and flake industry of presumed Upper Pleistocene date. An archaic fauna (with Stegodon and Archidiskodori) thought to be contemporary with the tools is now known to be of s...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Brak A tell site of c30 hectares on the Khabur River in northeast Syria overlooking an important river crossing. Material from the Halaf and Ubaid periods indicates a long history, but the site is best known for its sequence of rich temples of the late Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods, when it was clearly...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names, Architectural

Brak Added by archaeologs | Place Names, Architectural

Bodh Gaya Site in northeast India, famous as the scene of the Buddha’s enlightenment. Archaeological remains include an Asokan pillar, erected by the emperor on his pilgrimage of 249 bc, and a railing surrounding the tree beneath which the Buddha meditated for six years before his enlightenment (perhaps 2n...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Birsmatten The Basis-Grotte at Birsmatten in the Bem district of Switzerland has one of the longest known sequences of Mesolithic deposits. There are several levels of Sauve-terrian and Tardenoisian occupation and extensive human remains of Mesolithic man.Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Benfica Location near Luanda on the coast of Angola where chipped stone artefacts are associated with pottery apparently of Early Iron Age type, in a context dated to the 2nd century ad. This is one of very few dated occurrences of this period yet known from Angola.Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Bells China. Chinese bells of the Shang and Zhou dynasties have two peculiarities: they seldom have clappers — they are struck on the outside with a mallet — and they are not round but have a pointed-oval cross-section. The cusped cross-section, known from the earliest examples (a small and primitive b...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Bells Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Bel’Kachi I An important settlement site on the Aldan River in central Siberia, occupied during the Neolithic (defined by the use of pottery, rather than the practice of farming). The lowest level has a radiocarbon date of <4020 bc (c4920 bc), which is the earliest date for pottery in Siberia, for a hand-mou...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Bel’Kachi I Added by archaeologs | Place Names

Beijing [Pei-ching, Peking], Present-day capital of China, The Shang civilization reached this area in the early part of the dynasty; a grave of about the 14th century bc at Pinggu Liujiahe contained bronze ritual vessels and a bronze axe with a blade of forged meteoritic iron. Many early Zhou finds have...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Beidha Natufian and Aceramic Neolithic site near Petra in southern Jordan. It was first occupied for a short period as a semipermanent camp in the Early Natufian period. The community of this time lived off ibex and goat; 75 per cent of the goats were immature animals, suggesting that selective hunting ...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Begram A site in Afghanistan, confidently identified as Kapisa, the capital of several Indo-Greek rulers in the 3rd — 2nd centuries BC, a summer residence of the Kushan Kings (1st century BC to 3rd century ad) and an important town on the caravan route between India and the West. Excavations in the so-c...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

Beersheba A Palestinian site in southern Israel, which formed one of the desert frontier posts. The earliest occupation belongs to the 12th and 11th centuries bc, but the first town belonged to the period of the United Monarchy (10th century). The only phase which has been excavated on any scale is Stratum...Added by archaeologs | English|Place Names

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