Nations

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Cimmerians A nomadic people of the south Russian steppes, known to us through the writings of Herodotus and the Assyrian records. In the 8th century bc, under pressure from the Scythians, they moved into Anatolia, while a related group called Thracians moved north-west into Europe. They may have played a pa...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Aymara The Aymara language, still spoken and once widespread in southern Peru and the Bolivian Highlands, is one of the defining characteristics of numerous polities in and around the Lake Titicaca basin in the Late Intermediate Period. These ‘Aymara Kingdoms’ (the largest being Colla and Lupaqa) were f...Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Languages, Nations

Assur (1) The old capital of Assyria lies naturally protected on a rock promontory on the bank of the River Tigris in northern Mesopotamia. The earliest levels excavated belong to the first half of the 3rd millennium bc. The remains of a pre-Sargonid temple dedicated to the goddess Ishtar were excavate...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Aryans A people who called themselves Arya and spoke an Indo-European language, Sanskrit, known from the Rigveda and other early Indian sources. They are thought to have invaded India from the northwest during the 2nd millennium bc and to have spread east and south in the succeeding centuries. By c500 b...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Aryans Added by archaeologs | Nations

Akkadian (1) Name derived from the city of Akkad, applied to the northern part of Sumer and to the dynasty that was established by Sargon in the mid-3rd millennium bc. Under Sargon and his grandson Naram-Sin this dynasty established an empire that included northern as well as southern Mesopotamia and neig...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Scythians Scythians (скити, скіфи; skyty, skify). A group of Indo-European tribes that controlled the steppe of Southern Ukraine in the 7th to 3rd centuries BC. According to the most predominant theories, they first appeared there in the late 8th century BC after having been forced out of Central Asia. The...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Scythians Yaklaşık olarak MÖ 8. yüzyılda tarih sahnesine çıkan ve bu tarihten MS 2. yüzyıla kadar hâkimiyetlerini devam ettiren İskitler, doğuda Çin Seddi'nden batıda Tuna nehrine kadar uzanan geniş bir sahada varlıklarını, biraz önce verilen rakamlardan da anlaşılacağı üzere, yaklaşık olarak 1000 yıl gibi...Added by archaeologs | Turkish|Nations

Scythians The Scythians (pronounced ‘SIH-thee-uns’) were a group of ancient tribes of nomadic warriors who originally lived in what is now southern Siberia. Their culture flourished from around 900 BC to around 200 BC, by which time they had extended their influence all over Central Asia – from China to th...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Scythians Added by archaeologs | Nations

Sabaean One of four major peoples / kingdoms of southern Arabia in the 1st millennium BC, contemporary with the Minaeans, Qatabanians, and Hadramites. The Sabaean capital was at Marib (Ma'rib). The people who called themselves Saba' (biblical Sheba) are both the earliest and the most abundantly attested ...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Sabaean Added by archaeologs | Nations

Aymara A large South American tribal group occupying the Titicaca plateau (central Andes) in the Late Intermediate Period - and the language spoken by them. The Aymara language is still spoken some parts of Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. The Aymara kingdoms - Canchi Colla Lupaca Collagua Ubina Pacasa Car...Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Languages, Nations

Aymara Added by archaeologs | Ancient Languages, Nations

Sea Peoples A collective term for various peoples who were on the move in the Aegean, Anatolia, and Levant in the 13th and 12th centuries BC. They were responsible for widespread destruction of settlements in these areas, particularly Ugarit and Alalakh and, more remotely, with the fall of Mycenaean Greece a...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Sea Peoples Added by archaeologs | Nations

Hurri A people who appeared in northern Mesopotamia and Syria at the end of the 3rd millennium BC and by c 1600 BC had established a number of kingdoms in the area. They may have come from the Caucasus or Armenia and some evidence suggests a connection with the Kura-Araxes culture. They had a pantheon,...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Hurri Added by archaeologs | Nations

Nahua The tribal population of Central Mexico, originating from the north. The last and best-known were the Aztecs. The language of the Aztecs, Nahua, is spoken by all the Nahua peoples in a variety of dialects.Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Languages, Nations

Nahua Added by archaeologs | Ancient Languages, Nations

Sarmatian A people originally of Iranian stock who migrated from Central Asia to the Ural Mountains between the 6th-4th century BC and eventually settled in most of southern European Russia and the eastern Balkans. These nomadic tribes were related to Scythians and became a political and cultural force who...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Sarmatian Added by archaeologs | Nations

Akkadian A Semitic-speaking dynasty founded by Sargon the Great (Sharrukin, 2334-2279 BC) c. 2370 BC with Akkad (or Agade), an unidentified site, as his capital. Under Sargon and his grandson, Naram-Sin, the dynasty established an empire that included much of Mesopotamia and neighboring Elam to the east. ...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Akkadian Added by archaeologs | Nations

Mycenaeans Inhabitants of Mycenae, the civilization of late Bronze Age Greece, set in the Argolid. Their name for themselves was Achaeans, and their achievements were remembered in the legends of the classical Greeks. Their forebears probably arrived in Greece around 2000 BC, bringing Minyan ware and an Ind...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Mycenaeans Added by archaeologs | Nations

Urartu A kingdom of the 1st millennium BC in the mountains north of Assyria (northwest Iran, northeast Anatolia, Armenia, in the mountainous region southeast of the Black Sea and southwest of the Caspian Sea) which was the last important Hurrian-speaking state. Its people, relatives of the Hurri, establ...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Urartu Added by archaeologs | Nations

Khoisan Collective term for the Khoikhoin and San peoples of southern Africa and their languages. The Khoisan languages are click languages spoken in southern Africa. The term Khoisan was created to refer to the related peoples known as Bushmen and Hottentots (i.e., the Khoisanid peoples) under a common ...Added by archaeologs | English|Ancient Languages, Nations

Khoisan Added by archaeologs | Ancient Languages, Nations

Sumer The earliest documented inhabitants of southern Mesopotamia (southern Iraq), c 3500 BC, considered the world's first civilization. Located between Babylon and the head of the Persian Gulf, these people spoke a language unrelated to any other known language. Formed originally by the need for irrig...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Sumer Added by archaeologs | Nations

Achaeans An ancient Greek people, described in Homer, who lived on the mainland and western isles of Greece, Crete, Rhodes, and other isles except the Cyclades. This coincides precisely with the Mycenaeans of the 14th-13th centuries BC. They have also been identified both with the Ahhiyawa, mentioned by t...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Achaeans Added by archaeologs | Nations

Scythian The people of the steppes of southern Russia and Kazakhstan who were nomadic in the mid-1st millennium BC and displaced the Cimmerians in the Eurasian steppes. They were a horse-riding aristocracy and became a settled agricultural population. From the 8th century BC, they generally lived west of ...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Scythian Added by archaeologs | Nations

Seleucid Empire A dynasty founded in Syria by one of the generals of Alexander the Great who was his principal successor in the east. This empire of Greek rulers descended from Seleucus I (c 358-281 BC) who founded the dynasty after the death of his leader. From the 4th-1st centuries BC the Seleucid dynasty rule...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Seleucid Empire Added by archaeologs | Nations

Persian An Indo-European people who moved into northwest Iran from Turkestan about 1000 BC and finally settled in the province of Pars/Parsa (modern Fars). They twice built great empires through the Middle East, under the Achaemenid family (559-330 BC) and under the Sassanians (224-651 AD). Their neighbo...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Persian Added by archaeologs | Nations

Sakas Iranian steppe people from central Asia organized into a confederacy which, like that of the Scythians (to whom they were related), brought together tribes of agriculturists and of nomadic herdsmen. They took part in the great movement of peoples which swept away the Greek kingdom of Bactria in t...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Sakas Added by archaeologs | Nations

Hittite A people of obscure origin who infiltrated Anatolia and the Levant from the north during the later 3rd millennium BC. In the Old Kingdom (c 1750-1450) they established a state in central Turkey with its capital first at Kussara, then at Boghazköy. They overran north Syria c 1600 and pushed on as ...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Hittite Added by archaeologs | Nations

Peoples Of The Sea Any of the groups of aggressive seafarers who invaded eastern Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Cyprus, and Egypt toward the end of the Bronze Age, especially in the 13th century BC. They are considered responsible for the destruction of the Hittite Empire, among others. Because of the abrupt break in ...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Peoples Of The Sea Added by archaeologs | Nations

Huns A nomadic pastoralist people who invaded southeastern Europe c 370 AD and over the next 70 years built up an enormous empire there and in central Europe. Originating from beyond the Volga River after the middle of the 4th century, they first overran the Alani, who occupied the plains between the ...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Huns Added by archaeologs | Nations

Latians The ancient people of Latium; an Iron Age people of the region just south of Rome. Their cremation cemeteries are known particularly from the Alban Hills, and from Rome itself. The Latians seem to have developed from the Pianello urnfielders, notably those who buried their dead in the cemetery at...Added by archaeologs | English|Nations

Latians Added by archaeologs | Nations

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