Others - Archaeologs

Others

Discover other things about archaeology.

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Recently Added: Others

Fish Bones

archaeologsOthers

Firedog

An instrument to ensure the proper burning of a fire, alternatively known as an andiron. The end of a log could rest on the crosspiece, which was supported by two uprights. Decorative iron examples come from La TfeNE Iron Age contexts, mostly graves. There are several examples from the British Is...

Firedog

archaeologsOthers

Fire

Possibly the most important single discovery made by early man was how to produce fire at will. Fire is first found on occupation sites of the Lower Palaeolithic period, approximately half a million years ago, although true hearths do not become typical until the penultimate glacial period, perha...

Fiorelli

(1823-96). The most important of the 19th-century archaeologists to excavate at Pompeii. He set up a training school based at Pompeii, where many other archaeologists learnt the techniques of stratigraphical excavation.

Fiorelli

archaeologsOthers

Finglesham

An early Saxon cemetery situated close to the former mouth of the Wansum estuary in Kent, in use between the early 6th and mid-7 th centuries. The large inhumation cemetery was partially excavated at the beginning of this century; the main research excavation took place in the 1960s, and over 40 ...

Filitosa

A defended promontory site in southern Corsica, belonging to the Torre culture. The walls are built of Cyclopean masonry and incorporate broken statuemenhirs; these and others in the area apparently represent male figures equipped with daggers and swords. There is a radiocarbon date of cl200 bc (...

Filigree

A technique of decorating gold and silver jewellery: designs formed by thin wire are soldered on to the part to be decorated. The technique had been mastered by the Early Dynastic Sumerian craftsmen of the 3rd millennium bc and fine jewellery decorated in this way appears in the Royal Tombs of Ur...

Fiji

An archipelago in eastern Melanesia, centred on the large islands of Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. A rich archaeological sequence begins with the Lapita culture from about 1300 be, and progresses through successive ceramic phases (see Sigatoka) to a period of earthwork fort construction and warfare, ...

Fertile Crescent

A term invented in 1916 by James Breasted, first Director of the Oriental Institute of Chicago. The term was applied to a crescent-shaped area of cultivable land between the highland zones and the West Asian desert, stretching from Egypt through the Levant to southern Anatolia and northern Mesopo...

Ferrières

A passage grave in Languedoc, southern France, which has given its name to a cultural group of the Late Neolithic and Copper Age (3rd millennium bc). It is characterized by pottery with incised decoration.

Fernando Po

Island off the coast of Equatorial Guinea, of particular archaeological interest since (presumably due to the absence of sources of metal) a Neolithic technology and life-style appear to have continued until at least the early centuries of the 2nd millennium ad. A similar situation seems to have ...

Fenshuiling

[Fen-shui-ling]. SeeLiYU.

Fenshuiling

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Fenghuangshan

[Feng-huang-shan]. See

Fenghuangshan

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Feng

[Feng]. See Zhou capitals.

Feng

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Fen

A community of plants growing in basic or neutral waterlogged conditions, as opposed to bog. Fens represent a stage in the progressive colonization of shallow water; this plant succession continues with the colonization by trees (the ‘carr’ stage) followed in some areas by the growth of a raised ...

Federmesser

Literally, a pen-knife point. Points of this type are a typical constituent of assemblages of flint tools in northern Europe dating from the last few millennia of the last ice age. They are backed blades tapering to a point, and were probably used as arrowheads. They tend to have curved or angled...

Feddersen Wierde

The most thoroughly excavated and best-preserved of the terp settlements on the North Sea German littoral. Lack of space necessitated that the internal layout of the village was carefully planned, and so it was divided into segments radiating like spokes of a wheel from a central open area, separ...

Feature

On archaeological excavations the term is used for any recorded remain that is not classified as a structure, a layer or a small find. For instance, pits and post-holes are features, as is anything of uncertain nature or function.

Fayum

A low-lying lake-basin in Lower Egypt to the west of the Nile, to which it was formerly connected by a channel. The Fayum Depression has yielded a long sequence of archaeological occurrences, but is primarily known for Neolithic sites illustrating the earliest farming communities yet recognized i...

Fayum

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Fauresmith

The name formerly given to a stone industry now recognized as a final phase of the South African Acheulian. Named after a town in the Orange Free State, the ‘Fauresmith industry’ was characterized by the presence of small, neatly made, pointed hand axes.

Fatyanovo

A cemetery on the upper Volga, USSR, representing part of the Copper Age single grave tradition. The burials were crouched inhumations in shallow pits; grave goods included globular pottery vessels (some with cord ornament), stone battle-axes and ornaments of copper and bone.

Fatyanovo

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Fatimid

An Islamic dynasty that seized power from the earlier Abbasid dynasty in Tunisia in 909. The Fatimids subsequently conquered Egypt (in 969), which they then dominated for some two centuries. Much Fatimid architecture survives, including mosques, palaces and elaborately decorated chamber tombs. Se...

Farfa

One of the richest Benedictine monasteries in Italy in the early Middle Ages, situated northeast of Rome. The scriptorium was famous and the Farfa Chronicle was widely imitated. Founded c680-700, Farfa came under the protection of the Lombard duke of Spoleto in 705 and, with the Carolingian conqu...

Faras

A former capital of the Nubian kingdom of Nobatia on the west bank of the Nile near Wadi Haifa, Faras is best known for the magnificent cathedral which was erected there in the 7th century and flourished until the 12th century. Fine mural paintings were recovered during excavation, together with ...

False Entrance

Term for a phenomenon most commonly found in megalithic tombs in the British Isles, where an apparent entrance to a chamber, often leading from a forecourt, is in

Faience

Properly a type of medieval pottery manufactured at Faenza in northern Italy. The term is, however, more widely used to describe the turquoise-blue or greenish glazed material used to make small objects such as beads and seals. This material appeared first in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium bc ...

Fafos

An early VinCa settlement with two horizontally distinct settlement foci, located in Kosovo, south Serbia, Yugoslavia. Fafos I, the earlier of the two, consists of three occupation levels with pits and post-holes, covering 2.5 hectares, while Fafos II is smaller, less prolific in artefacts and sh...

Fabric

The material of which pottery is composed. fact a dummy and the real chambers open not from the end but the side of the mound.

Relational Analogy

Arkeolojik ve etnografik vakalar arasındaki yakın kültürel süreklilik temelinde doğrulanan herhangi bir analoji.

Eynan

See Ain Mallaha.

Eye Temple

See Brak, Tell.

Eye Temple

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Experimental Archaeology

Term used to describe experiments carried out to test hypotheses about practical aspects of past societies, such as how tools were made and used, how buildings and other structures were constructed and how long the construction would have taken, how ancient crops were planted, harvested and store...

Evolution

The idea that the animals and plants of today originated from ancestors of a different kind goes back at least to early Greek philosophers, but it was Charles Darwin who provided the first satisfactory account of a mechanism .which would cause this to happen. The Origin of Species"was published i...

Evans

(1823-1908). British scholar, collector and antiquary. He published three major works on British prehistoric artefacts: on coinage (pre-Roman), stone implements and bronze implements. He was keenly interested in the archaeological issues of the day and played an important role in support of those...

Evans

(1851-1941). British archaeologist, son of Sir John Evans. His main contribution was in the field of Cretan studies, through his excavations at Knossos for than 30 years from 1899. He was largely responsible for demonstrating the existence of a pre-MYCENAEAN Aegean civilization, for naming it Min...

Evans

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Eustatic

Eustatic sea level changes are longterm fluctuations in the absolute volume of sea water held in the oceans of the earth. Such fluctuations have occurred throughout the Quaternary, due to changes in the extent of ice-sheets and thus in the volume of water locked up as ice. The larger the ice-shee...

Eustatic

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Euesperides

See Benghazi.

Euesperides

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Etowah

A large Mississippian site located on the north bank of the Etowah River in northern Georgia, USA, which appears to have functioned as a ceremonial centre rather than a centre for population. Its major features are three truncated pyramid mounds, surrounded by a ditch and palisade. The largest mo...

Ethnoarchaeology

The study of living societies from an archaeological point of view. The ethnoarchaeologist studies the material remains of such societies with the aim of furthering understanding of the patterns of material remains that emerge from archaeo-/ logical contexts. In particular, ethnoarchae? ology is ...

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