Soros

A Greek burial mound, e.g. the one from the battle of Marathon in 490 BC.

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Soros

Magnetic Susceptibility

A property of soil and sediment, measured as a ratio of intensity of magnetization of the material to the strength of an applied magnetic field. Topsoil often has a somewhat enhanced 'magnetic susceptibility' due to magnetic minerals in the material, especially compared with the subsoil. The fill...

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Magnetic Susceptibility

Instrument Anomaly

Any change in soil resistivity to an induced electric current or variations in the magnetic characteristics of soil due to human activities, such as pit or trench digging, wall construction, and fire.

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Instrument Anomaly

Nimrud

Assyrian capital of Kalhu (Calah), founded in 883 BC by Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 BC) over the ruins of an earlier city built by Shalmaneser I (1274-1245 BC) in 13th century BC. It is located by Tigris River, south of modern Mosul (Iraq) in Mesopotamia. It was the third capital city, with Assur a...

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Nimrud

Grivac

A large open site of the Starcevo and early Vinca periods in Serbia with rectangular houses dated to c 4375-3980 BC for Vinca and c 5300 BC for the architectural remains of the Starcevo. The Starcevo occupation is the earliest radiocarbon date yet known from the Serbian Neolithic.

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Grivac

Glanum

A settlement site in southern Gaul (France), originally founded by the Greek colonists of Marseilles, with three phases of occupation - native Ligurian, Hellenistic, and Roman. With Romanization from the 1st century BC, Glanum became a prosperous provincial town with baths, forum, temples, shrine...

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Glanum

Colluvium

Sediment deposited by the movement of material downslope by gravity.

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Colluvium

Masonry Construction

An architectural construction method in which stones are laid on top of one another. Dry-laid are stones laid without mortar, dry-laid/daubed are dry-laid with daub pressed into the joints, and wet-laid are stones set in wet mortar.

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Masonry Construction

Small Mammal Bone

The bones of a mammal traditionally defined as one which cannot be seen above long grass. This includes a variety of rodents, lagomorphs (hares and rabbits), insectivores, and carnivores. Bones of these animals are often preserved on archaeological sites. Identification of teeth and jaws of the s...

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Small Mammal Bone

Niah

A limestone massif with a number of caves which have produced material of all periods from Palaeolithic to c 1300 AD in Sarawak, north Borneo. It is one of the major prehistoric deposits of island Southeast Asia with human remains. The most important site, the Great Cave, has deposits which may b...

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Niah

Ripple

A wave-like undulation visible on flakes that result from transmission of a shock wave through glass or chert.

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Ripple

Charred

Converted to charcoal or carbon usually by heat, organic materials may be preserved. Partial burning reduces the materials to a carbon-rich residue. In the case of wood, this residue is charcoal. Many organic materials may not retain their structure and become an amorphous residue. Charred remain...

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Charred

Folkways

The norms guiding the patterns of everyday life in a society.

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Folkways

Organic Artifact

Artifact made of organic materials - living organisms, including wood, bone, horn, fiber, ivory, or hide.

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Organic Artifact

Onager

A subspecies of the wild ass of Asia that ranged in the steppes from northwest Iran to Turkmenistan. Pale-colored and small, it has a short erect mane and fairly large ears. It was domesticated in ancient times but was replaced by the domestic horse and donkey. It now is found in limited numbers ...

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Onager

Landform

A natural feature of a land surface; a feature of the earth created by an erosional or depositional process or series of processes. Landforms together comprise a landscape.

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Landform

Piklihal

Site in southwest India's eastern Karnata, with a series of Neolithic and Megalithic Grave period occupations. The Neolithic settlements began c 2100 BC and may be associated with the Deccan ash mounds. There was handmade pottery in the early Neolithic, changing to wheelmade and resembling the la...

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Piklihal

Rop

A rock shelter on the Jos Plateau of central Nigeria with two main artifact-bearing layers, the first containing large scrapers and backed crescent-shaped implements, but no pottery. The later horizon contained a backed microlithic industry and pottery, and dates to 2000 BP.

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Rop

Lithic Scatter

A common class of sites where tools were made or repaired, resulting in a large number of flakes (and typically few other artifacts) at a site.

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Lithic Scatter

Dougga

A Numidian settlement, the best-preserved ancient Roman city in modern Tunisia, located near modern Tabursuq, west of the ancient road between Carthage and Theveste. It was a dependency of Carthage until the 3rd century AD. Thugga's most notable pre-Roman ruin is a 2nd-century-BC mausoleum, built...

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Dougga

Axhead Roughout

An unfinished, roughly shaped axehead.

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Axhead Roughout

Mensuration

Any act of measuring; measurement. The earliest standard measurements appeared in the ancient Mediterranean cultures and were based on parts of the body, or on calculations of what man or beast could haul, or on the volume of containers or the area of fields in common use. The Egyptian cubit is g...

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Mensuration

Catch-Plate

Curved metal plate which holds the pin of a brooch in place, similar to that employed in a modern safety-pin.

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Catch-Plate

Emmer

A primitive variety of wheat, similar to einkorn. It was cultivated by early farmers and is a hulled species (i.e. threshing does not remove the glumes from the grain). It is found in archaeological contexts in its wild and its cultivated form from the eighth millennium BC onwards. It is still gr...

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Emmer

Wet-Site Excavation

Technique of excavating waterlogged sites by pumping water through hoses to spray the dirt away and expose archaeological features and artifacts.

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Wet-Site Excavation