Upper Nubia

A term for that part of the Sudanese Nile Valley from the second cataract south to Khartoum.

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Upper Nubia

Bulbar Scar

The irregularly shaped scar on the bulb of percussion of a struck flint flake. It marks the place where a small piece of flint is dislodged during fracture. The bulbar surface is the surface upon which the bulb of percussion occurs. This fracture pattern is evident by a bruised striking platform ...

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Bulbar Scar

Pancheon

A large shallow bowl for letting liquids stand.

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Pancheon

Subarea

The subdivision of an archaeological area, usually defined by geographic or cultural considerations.

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Subarea

Stanwick

Largest late Iron Age earthwork fortification in Britain, in Richmond, Yorkshire, once called the largest 'hillfort'. It was constructed in the 1st century AD, probably in three phases. Phase I was a hillfort, which was partly demolished in Phase II (c 50-60) when a larger enclosure was added at ...

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Stanwick

Lerna

Long-lived coastal settlement site near Argos in the Peloponnese, southern Greece. Middle and Late Neolithic villages were succeeded by a fortified township of Early Helladic II (c 3000 BC, Early Bronze Age). At this stage it was a fortified township, surrounded by a stone wall with D-shaped bast...

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Lerna

Plow Mark

Any mark left in buried soil indicating that the land has been plowed at some remote time, giving evidence of ancient agricultural activity. Plow marks have been found, for example, under several British Neolithic monuments and are valuable evidence for ancient clearance and cultivation. They are...

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Plow Mark

Close

To stop digging an archaeological unit; to complete the excavation of an archaeological unit.

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Close

Breasted, James Henry

American Egyptologist, archaeologist, and historian who excavated Megiddo (Armageddon), established ancient Egyptian historical periods, and founded University of Chicago's Oriental Institute (1919). Breasted promoted research on ancient Egypt and the ancient civilizations of western Asia as well...

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Breasted, James Henry

Magnetometry

Detecting buried remains through magnetic variations between them and the surrounding soil.

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Magnetometry

Cultural Revival

Reacceptance of cultural forms or ideas that had fallen into disuse.

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Cultural Revival

Sociotechnic

A category of material culture in which items are inferred to have served social roles, such as identity marking.

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Sociotechnic

Bioarchaeology

A subdiscipline of biology that integrates the concepts of human biology with those of anthropological archaeology.

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Bioarchaeology

Kerma

The site of a capital of an independent Nubian/Kushite kingdom which became prominent after a northward retreat of the Egyptians during the 13th Dynasty, c 1700 BC. On the third Nile cataract in Upper Nubia (Sudan), it came into existence during the Egyptian Old and Middle Kingdoms (2686-1650 BC)...

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Kerma

Cella

In Classical architecture, the body of a temple - the inner room or main hall where the principal statue or symbol of the god was worshipped. This inner sanctum, as distinct from the portico, was a simple room, usually rectangular, with the entrance at one end and with the side walls often being ...

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Cella

Natatio

The swimming pool in a Roman bath complex.

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Natatio

Surface Collection

Systematic gathering of exposed artifacts or ecofacts. It is one of two basic ground survey methods used in surface survey of archaeological sites, the other being mapping.

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Surface Collection

Bc

An abbreviation used to denote so many years "Before Christ" or before the beginning of the Christian calendar. The lowercase 'bc' represents uncalibrated radiocarbon years; the capitals BC denote a calibrated radiocarbon date or a date such as an historically derived one that does not need calib...

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Bc

Platform

The place on a core or flake where it was struck by a hammer.

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Platform

Esh Shaheinab

The type site for the Khartoum Neolithic in the Sudan, dated to the second half of the 4th millennium BC. Fishing was evidently of major importance and was conducted both by means of shell fish-hooks and with harpoons whose barbed bone points were pierced for attaching a line. Edge-ground axes an...

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Esh Shaheinab

Cuiry-Lès-Chaudardes

An Early Neolithic site of the Paris Basin's Linear Pottery culture that was occupied c 4800 BC. There were timber longhouses, pits, potsherds decorated in Bandkeramik, grindstones, flint tools, and waste flakes.

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Cuiry-Lès-Chaudardes

Magnetic

Of or pertaining to magnetism, the ability to be magnetized or affected by a magnet, or relating to the earth's magnetic field. Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena associated with the motion of charge, the attraction for iron observed in lodestone and a magnet. It is associated with moving...

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Magnetic

Postglacial Period

A period occurring following a glacial episode, especially that from the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age c 8300 BC to the present. The substages in northern Europe are: Pre-Boreal (c 8300-7700 BC), Boreal (7700-5550 BC), Atlantic (5550-3800 BC), Sub-Boreal (3800-1200 BC), and Sub-Atlantic (1200 BC...

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Postglacial Period

Hill Figure

A type of monument found on the chalk downs of southern Britain where a human or horse figure, is cut into the hillside and stands out white against the green turf. The oldest figure, the White Horse of Uffington, may date to the Late Iron Age. The Cerne Abbas giant in Dorset is of the Roman peri...

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Hill Figure

Dry Creek

The most important prehistoric site in Alaska, in the foothills of the Alaska Range in the south-central region. The lowest layer is assigned to the Nenana complex, the middle microblade assemblage to the Denali complex (10,690 bp), and the upper side-notched points are classed as Northern Archai...

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Dry Creek