Saale

A division of Pleistocene deposits and time in northern Europe which followed the Holstein Interglacial Stage and preceded the Eemian Interglacial Stage. It was the penultimate cold stage in northern Europe, c 200,000-125,000 BP. The extensive and complex Saale deposits are correlated with the Wo...

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Saale

Rinyo-Clacton

The name formerly used for a Late Neolithic pottery style of Britain now known as Grooved Ware. It was so-called after two widely separated findspots (Clacton in Essex and Rinyo in the Orkney Islands

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Rinyo-Clacton

Kero

A large wooden flared beaker, painted with black, white, and light red designs of pumas, condors, and other creatures on a dark red ground color. Keros decorated with incised geometric patterns were used in Inca times, but examples with scenes painted in lacquer are of post-Conquest date. In pott...

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Kero

Baseward Flaking

The removal of flakes from the distal tip at a downward angle towards the basal edge.

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Baseward Flaking

Triclinium

In Roman architecture, the dining room, often with an arrangement of three couches around a table or placed along the walls of a square room.

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Triclinium

Kisese

A number of site with rock paintings in the Kondoa region of central Tanzania. There is a long sequence of Later Stone Age microlithic stone assemblages dating from 19,000 BP. The paintings are of animals and anthropomorphs.

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Kisese

Primary Balk

The balks surrounding the four sides of an area or a square.

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Primary Balk

Andesite

A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock

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Andesite

Multiple Fluting

A technique of fluting that involved the removal of two short lateral flutes in preparation for the removal of a longer flute.

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Multiple Fluting

Sarab, Tepe

Early farming site near Kermanshah in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran dating c 6000-5650 BC. The most unusual finds are two female figurines, in the sitting position with bulging thighs and breasts, but without facial features.

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Sarab, Tepe

Karanog

A large town and necropolis located in Lower Nubia, south of Aswan, which flourished in the Meroitic and post-Meroitic periods c 300 BC-550 AD. By at least as early as the third century BC, Karanog had developed into a major town.

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Karanog

Hand Ax

A large bifacially worked core tool, normally oval, pointed, or pear-shaped, and one of the most typical stone tools of the Lower Palaeolithic. It is the diagnostic implement of certain Lower Palaeolithic industries (Abbevillian, Chellean, Acheulian), and one variety of the Mousterian. In spite o...

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Hand Ax

Extrasomatic

Literally, "outside the body," nonbiological and nongenetic.

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Extrasomatic

Chip-Carving

A technique of decoration with the use of an ax, hatchet, mallet, and/or chisel, which probably originated in the Roman and Celtic world. The technique was adapted by Germanic wood-carvers to make animal ornaments and by metalsmiths of the Migration Period. This excised decoration was done by cut...

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Chip-Carving

Huaca La Florida

A large monumental site near Lima, Peru, of the early Initial Period, c 1700 BC. Its construction may have begun in the Late Preceramic, was probably used for only a few centuries and abandoned.

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Huaca La Florida

Clairvaux-Les-Lacs

Neolithic village sites occupied from 3700-2400 BC in Jura, France. Many buildings, organic remains, and some pottery (Burgundian Middle Neolithic) has been found.

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Clairvaux-Les-Lacs

Triple Vase

Vessel comprising three small jars, either attached to the top of a tubular ring-base which is often hollow, or joined together at the body. Such vessels have also been described as flower vases. Roman in date

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Triple Vase

Paint

A material applied to the surface of another material in a layer, to color it. It is usually a pigment containing a coloring agent and sometimes organic substances to make it easier to brush and ensure that it adheres.

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Paint

Joint

In masony, the spaces between stones.

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Joint

Kassala

A cultural phase of eastern Sudan including the Butana, Gash, and Mokram groups.

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Kassala

Annuli

Annual growth rings or increments in mollusk shell, fish vertebrae, tooth cementum, or wood.

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Annuli

Pre-Dynastic Period

The period before recorded history in Egypt and before it became a unified state in c 3100 BC. The term predynastic denotes the period of emerging cultures that preceded the establishment of the 1st dynasty in Egypt. In the late 5th millennium BC there began to emerge patterns of civilization tha...

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Pre-Dynastic Period

Glottochronology

The science of the comparative study of the vocabularies of languages for measuring linguistic change through absolute time. By studying the rate of change, the length of time (time depth) during which two related languages developed independently may be calculated. Glottochronology relies on sta...

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Glottochronology

Levant

Historically, the countries bordering the eastern Mediterranean shores. The term is also associated with Venetian and other trading ventures as at Tyre and Sidon as a result of the Crusades. It was applied to the coastlands of Asia Minor and Syria, sometimes extending from Greece to Egypt. It was...

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Levant

Sanukite

Type of andesite produced by now-extinct volcanoes in the Inland Sea area of Japan. It was used extensively during the Palaeolithic and Postglacial (Jomon, Yayoi) for stone tools.

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Sanukite