Gap

Medemblik

A town on the Zuyder Zee, Netherlands, with a monastery known to have existed from Carolingian times up to the later medieval period. Occupation material suggests that there was an ancillary settlement from the later Merovingian era during the 8th and 9th centuries. Documents state that Pepin the...

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Medemblik

Si Mu Wu Fang Ding

A Late Shang bronze ritual vessel, a tetrapod weighing 1,925 pounds (875 kilograms), the largest metal-casting surviving from Chinese antiquity. Late Shang ritual vessels reveal high technological competence and large-scale, labor-intensive metal production. Said to have been found in the Anyang ...

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Si Mu Wu Fang Ding

Mean Square Error

A measure of the efficiency of a possibly biased statistic or estimate, based on squared deviations from the parameter.

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Mean Square Error

Opening Of The Mouth

The ancient Egyptian ceremony performed at the funeral to restore the senses of the deceased. Part of the reanimation rite, the ritual opening of the mouth was an important element of the ceremony so that the mummy might breathe and eat.

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Opening Of The Mouth

Georadar

A technique used in ground reconnaissance, similar to soil-sounding radar, but with a much larger antenna and more extensive coverage.

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Georadar

Microclimate

The specific and uniform local climate of a small site or habitat brought about by hills, slopes, woodland, lakes, or other features of the landscape. These features modify the general climate of the region. The term also is applied to any climatic condition in a relatively small area, within a f...

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Microclimate

Sobekneferu

Female pharaoh, last ruler of the 12th Dynasty, who ruled c1760?-1756 BC.

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Sobekneferu

Habitat

The physical environment where a plant or animal naturally or normally lives and grows. An area in the biome where different communities and populations flourish, each with specific locales.

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Habitat

Scapula Saw

An artifact made from the shoulder blade of a bighorn sheep or antelope.

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Scapula Saw

Gene

The basic unit of hereditary information that occupies a fixed position on a chromosome, i.e. governed by the specific sequence of the genetic markers within the DNA of the individual concerned. Genes achieve their effects by directing the synthesis of proteins.

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Gene

Abu Simbel

The site of two rock-cut temples of the Egyptian king Rameses II (1279-1213 BC), located southeast of Aswan, formerly Nubia. The facade of the largest temple is dominated by four 20-meter-high (67 feet) seated figures of Rameses and the main part of the temple is cut into the solid rock of the hi...

archaeologsEnglishArchitectural, Tombs, Place Names

Abu Simbel

Heliopolis

An important ancient Egyptian city which was the major cult center of the sun god Re (Ra), just east of Cairo. The oldest obelisk in existence - that of King Senwosret (Sesostris) I remains on the site. The two obelisks of Thutmose III, called Cleopatra's Needle, are now in London and New York. I...

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Heliopolis

Chateauneuf-Les-Martigues

A large rock shelter northwest of Marseilles in southern France, with a series of deposits from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Neolithic. There was impressed ware and a radiocarbon date in the early 6th millennium BC. It was probably the site of the Roman camp, Maritima Avaticorum.

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Chateauneuf-Les-Martigues

Opaline

A fine-grained siliceous rock type widely used for stone artifact manufacture in the southern African Stone Age

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Opaline

Valhager

Migration Period nucleated settlement of the 5th and 6th centuries on the Baltic island of Gotland just off the coast of Sweden. There were cattle droveways and individual farm dwellings enclosed within stone-walled fields. The buildings are typical longhouses with central hearths.

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Valhager

Nenana Complex

Prehistoric culture (or complex) in south-central Alaska dated to c 12,000-10,500 bp. It is characterized by small bifacial projectile points (Chindadn points). It is the earliest dated set of archaeological finds in Alaska.

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Nenana Complex

Hawara

A royal necropolis in Egypt's southeastern Al-Fayyum region, known as the site of the second pyramid of King Amenemhat III (reigned 1818-1770 BC). The pyramid is dated to c 1844-1797 BC and it has a very large mortuary temple attached. Amenemhat III brought economic prosperity by building a syste...

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Hawara

Awdaghast

The site of a trading center in southern Mauritania at the southern end of the main caravan route across the Sahara to Ghana. In the closing centuries of the 1st millennium AD, it is probably that much gold was exported northwards along this route.

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Awdaghast

Leubingen

An early Bronze Age chieftain's burial of the Unetice culture of Saxony, Germany. It consisted of a lean-to wooden mortuary chamber under a stone cairn, itself covered by a barrow. Inside was the burial of an extended elderly male and, placed at right angles across him, a second body, of an adole...

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Leubingen

Oldbury-Type Bead

Type of late Iron Age bead found in southeastern England, hexagonal in outline with white spirals in a blue ground mass.

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Oldbury-Type Bead

Genus

The taxonomic level between Family and species.

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Genus

Shaft-And-Chamber Tomb

A tomb in which the burials are laid in a side chamber opening from the bottom of a pit.

archaeologsEnglishTombs

Shaft-And-Chamber Tomb

Stacked Profile

A mapping method which presents the data as a series of layered profiles. Each traverse with the equipment is plotted as a curved profile, then each is placed in order, parallel to each other but aligned on an oblique plan so that a type of 3-D image of the sites's magnetic variatins is obtained....

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Stacked Profile

Granada

Kingdom and city important from the 13th century in Spain. Although its origins go back to the early years of the Moorish occupation in the 8th century, Granada rose to importance after the mid-13th century when it became the capital of a new state founded by Muhammad I (1232-1273). The kingdom c...

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Granada

Research Design

A carefully formulated and systematic plan for executing archaeological research. Systematic planning of archaeological research, usually including 1) the formulation of a strategy to resolve a particular question; 2) the collection and recording of the evidence; 3) the processing and analysis of...

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