Lycia

Calcium Carbonate

A natural calcium-carbon-oxygen combination, that occurs in limestone, chalk, marble, dolomite, eggshells, pearls, coral, stalactites, stalagmites, and the shells of many marine animals. Calcite is often the adhesive in composite rocks. The most abundant dissolved solid in dry land groundwater is...

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Calcium Carbonate

Dundo

A town of northeastern Angola with mines where alluvial deposits are worked for diamonds. A sequence of stone industries includes an Acheulian occupation succeeded by Sangoan and then Lupemban industries, the last being dated to before 30,000 BC. The Lupemban continued until c 13,000 BC. From c 1...

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Dundo

Atlitian

An Upper Palaeolithic assemblage named for the type site, Atlit, in the Mount Carmel region of Israel. There are several layers with Aurignacian-like assemblages and this culture followed the Antelian (formerly Middle Aurignacian). It was among the assemblages that preceded various Mesolithic dev...

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Atlitian

Natufian

The final Epipalaeolithic (Mesolithic) culture complex of the Levant, dated to c 12,500-10,000 BP, with its type site at Wadi an-Natuf in Palestine. Hunting and gathering were still the basis of subsistence, but some Natufian communities had adopted a settled mode of life and the period saw the d...

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Natufian

Marsa Matruh

Harbor site on the Mediterranean coast in northwestern Egypt, which was the site of the Ptolemaic city of Paraetonium. It was the capital of Sicca.

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Marsa Matruh

Kin

The term for a single day in the Classic Maya Long Count.

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Kin

Paleoethnology

Ethnology is a science that deals with the division of human beings into races and their origin, distribution, relations, and characteristics. It is anthropology dealing chiefly with the comparative and analytical study of cultures - more commonly called cultural anthropology. Paleoethnology is t...

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Paleoethnology

Lou Island

An island in the Manus, Admiralty Islands, which was an important source of obsidian for the Bismarcks and the western Pacific. It first appears about 3000 bp. The Manus group settled after an open sea voyage around 5000 bp. The short-lived occupation sites and obsidian workshops are buried by vo...

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Lou Island

Grain

The direction or texture of fibers found in wood or leather or stone or in a woven fabric

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Grain

Slate

A fine-grained gray, green, or bluish-purple metamorphic rock easily split into smooth, flat plates. Thin slabs of slate, sandstone, or limestone used for roofing.

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Slate

Evans, Clifford

American archaeologist working in the Amazon with his wife, Betty Meggers. They investigated Ecuador, Venezuela, British Guiana, and Brazil, and provided the chronology and cultural definitions of prehistoric cultures of the region.

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Evans, Clifford

Clarke, David Leonard

British archaeologist; founder of analytical archaeology, who died tragically young after making notable contributions concerning the use of computers in archaeology, demonstrated by his study of beakers, and to a reassessment of archaeological methodology. His book "Analytical Archaeology" publi...

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Clarke, David Leonard

Chassey

A Middle Neolithic culture found over most of France, named for the Camp de Chassey, which appeared c 4300 BC. By this time, Chassey pottery had superseded impressed ware in the south and the new style is found in caves, village sites, cists, pit graves, and megalithic chamber tombs. The earliest...

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Chassey

Skorba

Site on the island of Malta near Nadur Tower with a temple complex under which earlier deposits have been found. Underneath a small trefoil-shaped temple, dated c 3000-2600 BC, was a Neolithic settlement of mud-brick houses on stone foundations and an oval hut of the Ghar Dalam (impressed ware) p...

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Skorba

Cultural Evolution

A subdiscipline of anthropology that emphasizes the systematic change of cultural systems through time. The theory is that societal change can be understood by analogy with the processes underlying the biological evolution of species, which argues that human cultures change gradually throughout t...

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Cultural Evolution

Tuscan Order

The simplest order of architecture, a Roman adaptation of the Doric order. The Tuscan has an unfluted shaft, a simple echinus-abacus capital, and no triglyphs. It is similar in proportion and profile to the Roman Doric but much plainer. The column is seven diameters high. This order is the most s...

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Tuscan Order

Die Kelders

A cave in South Africa with Middle Stone Age remains and a shell midden of the Later Stone Age, plus some of the earliest Later Stone Age pottery in southern Africa.

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Die Kelders

Notcher

A tool for making notches

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Notcher

Butser

An experimental farm and museum in Hampshire, England. Iron Age plant cultivation, animal husbandry, and architecture are tested and studied.

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Butser

Peristalith

A ring or kerb of stones surrounding a cairn or barrow.

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Peristalith

Caerleon

A town and archaeological site in Wales in which the Romans established a legionary fortress dating to 74-75 AD when the conquest of the Silures of Wales began. The foundation of the fortress is set on a terrace along the Usk and it is one of three major legionary fortresses - the other two being...

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Caerleon

Fu Hao

A consort of the late Shang king, Wu-ting, the fourth Shang ruler of Anyang. Fu Hao is mentioned in many oracle bone texts and on bronze ritual vessels. Her tomb, discovered at Anyang Xiaotun in 1976, is the only royal tomb of the Shang period found intact and the only one whose occupant could be...

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Fu Hao

Platinum

A very heavy, precious, silver-white metal that is soft and ductile and has a high melting point and good resistance to corrosion and chemical attack. It is found in the Transvaal, South Africa, among other places.

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Platinum

Msecké Zehrovice

Iron Age settlement in Bohemia dated to the La Tène C-D period, c 150-50 BC. There is evidence of iron and shale working. A bust of a Celt with curled mustache and wavy hair is the site's best-known find.

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Msecké Zehrovice

Cup-And-Ring Mark

The commonest form of rock carving in the British Isles, consisting of a cup-like depression surrounded by one or more concentric grooves. Cup-and-ring marks are found on standing stones, singular or in stone circles, and on the slabs of burial cists, as well as on natural rock surfaces. In its c...

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