Processual Paradigm

Exchange

A system which promotes the transfer of goods and services between people, either individuals or societies. The term 'trade' may be used to mean the same, but it often refers more specifically to the formalized economic relationships of modern societies. Three different forms of exchange can be f...

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Exchange

Rareca

Peruvian aqueducts; distinct from the subterranean aqueducts called huircas or pinchas.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Rareca

Cassivellaunus

A powerful British chieftain who was defeated by Julius Caesar during Caesar's second raid of Britain in 54 BC. Cassivellaunus is the first man in England whose name we know and he led his tribe, the Catuvellauni, a group of Belgic invaders from the River Marne area. He used guerrilla tactics and...

archaeologsEnglishPublic Figures

Cassivellaunus

Ideofact

Archaeological material resulting from past human ideological activities. Any object whose function is to express or symbolize the beliefs of a people rather than to serve practical or social needs.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Ideofact

Palaestra

In Greco-Roman times, an open-air courtyard surrounded by a colonnade (or porticos) and used for wrestling, gymnastics, and military training. This building consisted of a large central sand-covered courtyard surrounded by changing rooms and washrooms. It is from the Greek word for 'area of wrest...

archaeologsEnglishArchitectural

Palaestra

Album

In Roman and Greek antiquity, a blank tablet on which praetor's edicts and other public notices were recorded for public information. It was also a space on the surface of a wall, covered with white plaster, upon which were written such announcements or advertisements. Afterwards, this term was e...

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Album

Shriver

Woodland culture site in Missouri with a Folsom occupation and an assemblage of chert flaked tools (which are dated to 10,700-13,000 BP).

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Shriver

Boat-Ax Culture

A culture of eastern Scandinavia found in the late Neolithic Period, c 2000 BC, that was an outlier of the European Battle-Ax cultures. This single-grave culture spread rapidly through Sweden, Finland, and the Danish islands. The people displayed the aspects of a homogeneous culture, with central...

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Boat-Ax Culture

Kehe

Early Palaeolithic site in Shanxi province, China, of the heavy tool tradition of Lantian and Dingcun.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Kehe

Demotic

The Egyptian cursive script for secular/everyday use and civil records derived from hieroglyphs by way of hieratic. Although more easily written, its structure was identical with that of the original hieroglyphic. It first appeared in 7th century BC, surviving until the 5th century AD. It was use...

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Demotic

Hengistbury Head

An Upper Palaeolithic / Creswellian site with flint artifacts with thermoluminescence dates of c 12,500 bp. There is also a nearby Mesolithic site with evidence of flintknapping. The site became important c 100 BC (Iron Age) as a trading center with continental Europe; Roman wine amphorae were am...

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Hengistbury Head

Bandung Microliths

A mid-Holocene obsidian industry of west Java's Bandung Plateau. It was characterized by small backed flakes and other tools.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Bandung Microliths

Point Counting

Categorizing individual grains of sediment exposed by thin sectioning by size and sometimes by shape and then counting.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Point Counting

Grouping

Bringing together real or imaginary objects and separating them from other groups of objects rather than on assignment to pre-defined classes.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Grouping

Middle Awash

River valley of northeast Ethiopia with rich Hominid fossil finds as well as archaeological sites dating from the Miocene to the Holocene. Australopithecine fossils from c 4.5-2.5 million years ago (mainly A. afarensis) and some of the oldest-known stone artifacts in the world (flaked cobble Oldo...

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Middle Awash

Mesa

A steep-sided, flat-topped hill, tableland, or mountain. A mesa is an isolated and relatively flat-topped natural elevation usu. more extensive than a butte and less extensive than a plateau. The term is also applied to a broad terrace with an abrupt slope on one side. In US Southwest, mesas were...

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Mesa

Signaling Station

Small forts built at intervals from North Yorkshire to the Wash in Britain, usually on high cliffs and not connected with fortified harbors. Each had a tower about 80 ft high, with sides 40 feet wide and walls 5 feet thick. The tower was surrounded by a wall 6 feet thick and 20 feet away from it,...

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Signaling Station

Apulia

An area of southeastern Italy which produced figure-decorated pottery in the 5th-4th centuries BC and was strongly influenced by the Greeks. Apulian pottery was decorated in the red-figured technique, though there was also plain wares.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Apulia

Logogram

A written or pictorial symbol intended to represent a whole word. Writing systems that make use of logograms include Chinese, Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, and early cuneiform writing systems. No known writing system is totally logographic; all such systems have both logograms and symbols repres...

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Logogram

Magic Brick

A set of four mud-bricks that were often placed on the four sides of an Egyptian tomb during the New Kingdom, 1550-1069 BC, in order to protect the deceased from evil.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Magic Brick

Arable

Able to grow crops.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Arable

Yazilikaya

(Turkish: "inscribed rock") Hittite monument just northeast of Bogazköy; it was the site of the Hittite capital Hattusa in eastern Turkey. In a northeastern recess (open-air gallery) is carved a long procession of mostly male figures. The east gallery contains a relief of a procession of warriors...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Yazilikaya

Moloko

Late Iron Age complex in Transvaal, South Africa, c 1200-1300 AD. Another phase started c 1600 AD and had many stone settlements.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Moloko

Burial Orientation

The direction or alignment of the body at the time of burial, especially the direction toward which the head is positioned. Burial orientation may vary according to the culture involved.

archaeologsEnglishOthers

Burial Orientation

Aegyptiaca

A term sometimes applied to Egyptian objects found outside the borders of Egypt.

archaeologsEnglishOthers