Archaeometry

The large field of work that entails the physical and/or chemical analyses (measurement) of archaeological substances, their constituents, ages, residues, etc.

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Archaeometry

Bipedalism

Having two feet or, specifically, designating a lifeform that uses its two hind feet for walking or running. The term also describes the method of movement marked by habitual walking on two legs. Bipedalism is a fundamental feature used to define hominids.

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Bipedalism

Peristyle

The screen of pillars surrounding a temple, forming colonnades along its sides. These colonnades are found on the exterior of buildings, as in the classical Greek temple, and also within the courtyard of a Hellenistic or Roman house. A peristyle court is a court with a roof around the sides suppo...

archaeologsEnglishArchitectural

Peristyle

Spear

A pole weapon with a sharp point, either thrown or thrust at an enemy or prey, one of the earliest weapons created by man and dating back to Palaeolithic times. They were originally a sharpened stick and some were made of stone, shaped and fixed to the shaft by thongs and possibly resins. In the ...

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Spear

Bergen

Port city of southwestern Norway, originally called Bjørgvin, and founded in 1070 AD by King Olaf III. About 1100, a castle was built on the northern edge of the Vågen harbor, and Bergen became commercially and politically important; it was Norway's capital in the 12th and 13th centuries. Excavat...

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Bergen

Hüyük

The Turkish word for artificial mound, equivalent to the Arabic 'tell'.

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Hüyük

Isochronous

Formed during the same span of time. Isochronal means uniform in time, having equal duration, recurring at regular intervals

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Isochronous

Mon-Khmer

An Austro-Asiatic linguistic family of southern Asia, comprising Mon, Khmer, and a number of languages of mountain populations in the Indochinese Peninsula as well as of India. Mon-Khmer languages constitute the indigenous language family of mainland Southeast Asia. They range north to southern C...

archaeologsEnglishAncient Languages

Mon-Khmer

Religion

A framework of beliefs relating to supernatural or superhuman beings or forces that transcend the everyday material world. Prehistoric man was even religious - burying tools and food with the dead - obviously believing in a life hereafter.

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Religion

Philae

An island in the Nile at Elephantine near Aswan, the site of one of the finest surviving temples of the Ptolemaic period. The most important of the complex of temples is that of Isis to whom the island was considered sacred. The earliest standing monument dates from the reign of Nectanebo I (380-...

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Philae

Marcavalle

An Early Horizon period pottery style of Cuzco, Peru, overlapping with and from which Chanapata style derived, c 1200 BC.

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Marcavalle

Przeworsk Culture

Late Iron Age culture in the Vistula and Bug drainages in southeast Poland of the La Tène period. It is known mainly from graves, which have metal artifacts and fibulae.

archaeologsEnglishCultures

Przeworsk Culture

Yarim Tepe 2

Tell site near the Caspian Sea in northern Iraq occupied in the Halaf period. Many circular houses have been excavated and a rectangular building that may be a shrine. It was then abandoned and reoccupied in the late 4th millennium BC. Yarim 2 is mainly of the Middle Halaf period, with tholos arc...

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Yarim Tepe 2

Shinto

The native religion of Japan which is not recorded in literature until the 6th century. The core of belief seems to be that spirits reside in numerous natural phenomena, such as sun, water, fire and mountains, and that it is important to attain ritual purity from pollution. Shinto shrines often h...

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Shinto

Hacilar

A small but important site in the lake region of southwest Turkey, with a Late Neolithic and early Chalcolithic (c 5600-4500 BC). The aceramic early levels have some radiocarbon dates in the 7th millennium BC. The houses were of mudbrick or wood and daub on stone foundations, with an upper story ...

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Hacilar

Sepulcros De Fosa

Middle Neolithic cemeteries of crouched inhumations in pits or stone cists found in Catalonia, Spain, and dated to the 5th-4th millennia BC.

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Sepulcros De Fosa

Reinecke, Paul

German archaeologist who was responsible for many typological studies and is best known for his subdivision of the central European Bronze and Iron ages (with phases denoted by letters). His system involved eight phases: Bronze A to D (Early and Middle Bronze Age) and Hallstatt A to D (Late Bronz...

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Reinecke, Paul

Abbasids

The second of two Arab dynasties of the Muslim Empire of the Caliphate (caliphs = rulers) and descended from al-Abbas, uncle of the Prophet Muhammad. It overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in AD 750 and was based in Baghdad until 1258 when it was sacked by the Mongols. The end of the Umayyad dynasty ...

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Abbasids

Benghazi

Seaport city of northeastern Libya, the de jur capital, which was founded by the Greeks of Cyrenaica as Hesperides (Euesperides) in the 6th century BC. It was replaced in the mid-3rd century by a new city, named Berenice by the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy III in honor of his wife. It continued in oc...

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Benghazi

Accession Catalog

An accounting used in the lab after artifacts and ecofacts are initially processed and providing the numbers with which artifacts and ecofacts are marked for storage. Its records describe and record what was found during an archaeological investigation and it is the primary record for all materia...

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Accession Catalog

Ndondondwane

Early Iron Age village of the mid-8th century AD in central Natal, South Africa. Remains of structures that may have been stockages were accompanied by waste from the making of ivory bangles and pieces of large ceramic sculpture. The site has the earliest date for domesticated chicken in southern...

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Ndondondwane

Buret

A site in southern Sibera, western Turkistan, which was occupied in late Palaeolithic times. It is known for mammoth-tusk figurines of women. They resemble Paleolithic statuettes from Europe and the Middle East and the nude ones probably served as fertility symbols or as representations of the gr...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Buret

Menhir

A single, vertical standing stone; any prehistoric structure consisting of a tall, upright megalith (huge stone). The name is from the Old Breton men, meaning "stone" and hir meaning "long". Menhirs occur in all parts of the world where megalithic monuments are known but they are particularly pro...

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Menhir

Puerto Hormiga

A shell midden site on the Caribbean coast of Colombia which offers evidence of a pottery-making culture as early as 3000 BC. Fiber-tempered pottery in an Archaic context from the site has radiocarbon dates between 3880-3310 BC (also 3090-2552 BC), one of the oldest wares in the Americas, rivaled...

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Puerto Hormiga

Specchia

A type of Iron Age burial monument found in Apulia, southern Italy. It consists of a stone cairn with a single crouched skeleton in a slab-built cist with traces of an entrance passage, but the name is also given to larger cairns. These large specchie contain neither burials nor offerings, but tr...

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Specchia