A hilltop site near Kirkuk in northern Iraq occupied in the period when the transition was beginning from hunting-and-gathering to farming. Its material is closely related to that of Zawi Chemi Shanidar and the culture is dated c 9000-7000 BC. There is no evidence of architecture, so the site was probably seasonal. Artifact evidence suggests an increased dependence on plant resources: blades with the silica sheen often described as 'sickle gloss', pierced stone balls which might have been weights for digging sticks, and stone axes.