Piraeus

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The main port of Athens, fortified in 5th century BC and linked to Athens by Long Walls for a 10 mile corridor to the sea. At Piraeus, three harbors were used - Peraiki, Munychia, and the Great Harbor of Kantharos (Cantharus). Athenian statesman Themistocles persuaded his colleagues about 493 BC to fortify and use Piraeus for the new Athenian fleet. Soon after 460 the Long Walls from the base of Munychia to Athens were built, thereby ensuring communications between Athens and its port in the event of a siege. Under Pericles' program of public works in the middle of the 5th-century BC, the town was laid out by Hippodamian planning. Sections of the walling, traces of trireme (warship) sheds, and a small Hellenistic theater may be seen. The Spartans captured Piraeus at the close of the Peloponnesian War and demolished the Long Walls and the port's fortifications in 404 BC. They were rebuilt under the Athenian leader Conon in 393 BC. In 86 BC the Roman commander Lucius Cornelius Sulla destroyed the city and it was virtually deserted until its revival in 1834.

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