A shipbuilding technique in which the hull is formed by overlapping planks caulked together and then adding the internal frame. This method of construction was used in Northern Europe from c 350 BC (the earliest known vessel, from Halsnoy) into the 20th century. The Sutton Hoo ship of the c 6th century AD and Viking ships of Oseberg and Gokstad (8th-9th centuries) are examples.