Trzciniec

Guran Tepe

A site in western Iran with at least 21 occupation levels dated c 6500-5500 BC. In the earliest aceramic levels, there were remains of wooden huts, probably from a semi-permanent winter camp. In later levels with pottery, there are mud-brick houses and evidence of farming, goat domestication, and...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Guran Tepe

Tanis

Most important archaeological site in the northeastern Nile Delta of Egypt and capital of 14th nome of Lower Egypt in the Late Period (747-332 BC) and, at one time, of the entire country. There are massive mud-brick temple enclosure walls built by Ramesside and the 21st-Dynasty pharaohs. The site...

archaeologsEnglishAncient Cities, Place Names

Tanis

Jericho

An important site in the Jordan Valley of Israel with a continuous sequence from the Natufian to the Late Bronze Age. Camping occupation of the Mesolithic c 9000 BC developed into the pre-pottery Neolithic c 8350-7350 BC when there was a walled town of mud-brick houses, which is amongst the earli...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names, Ancient Cities

Jericho

Kenniff Cave

A sandstone rock shelter in south central Queensland, Australia, one of the oldest sites yet discovered in the continent and containing one of the longest and most complete technological sequences for any Australian site. The basal strata contain an industry of core and flake scrapers dated by ra...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Kenniff Cave

Elands Bay

A cave site on the coast of Cape Province, South Africa, with Middle Stone Age material.

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Elands Bay

Colonia

A Roman settlement in conquered territory, a name first used in the later Republican and imperial Roman periods to a township, often of retired veteran soldiers, strategically placed to defend imperial interests. Its self-governing constitution imitated that of Rome, and the citizens had either f...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Colonia

Carnac

A village in western France near the Atlantic coast that is the site of more than 3,000 prehistoric stone monuments of the alignment type. These menhirs are arranged in three groups of 10-13 parallel rows, which ended at semicircles or rectangles of standing stones. The single stone menhirs and m...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Carnac

Pedestrian Survey

A method of examining a site in which surveyors, spaced at regular intervals, systematically walk over the area being investigated.

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Pedestrian Survey

Asmar, Tell

The ancient city of Eshnunna on the Diyala River of Iraq, inhabited from the Uruk to Old Babylonian period. Excavations here have provided the archaeological definition of the Early Dynastic and Akkadian periods. In the early 2nd millennium BC, Tell Asmar was the center of the kingdom of Eshnunna.

archaeologsEnglishAncient Cities, Place Names

Asmar, Tell

Pazyryk

A group of some 40 barrows in the Altai Mountains of central Asia in Kazakhstan, dating to the 5th-3rd centuries BC. They consist of pits some 6 meters square covered with low cairns. The construction and altitude have combined to keep their contents frozen, and are thus remarkably well preserved...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names, Tombs

Pazyryk

Sokchang-Ri

Palaeolithic site in southern Korea (South Ch'ungch'ong province) with 12 cultural layers starting with c 20,000 bp. That layer contained obsidian scrapers, rhyolite burins, and prismatic cores.

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Sokchang-Ri

Iwajuku

The first Palaeolithic site discovered in Japan, with layers dating to 20,000 and 15,000 years old. Excavation there provided the first convincing evidence that the Japanese islands were occupied by man during Palaeolithic times. Among the finds are elongate blades, choppers, and scrapers in the ...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Iwajuku

Dunadd

A site in Argyllshire, Scotland, which was a fort of the Kingdom of Dalriada, taken by the Picts in 683 and 736 AD. A main citadel connected to a middle courtyard by a stone wall has been located. The most important finds from Dunadd are several carved stones and imported Mediterranean pottery.

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Dunadd

Go Mun

A site in north Vietnam which has given its name to the third phase of the Bronze Age of the area, dated to c 1200-600 BC, following Dong Dau and preceding Dong Son. There was a range of bronze tools, weapons, and ornaments and polished stone adzes. The phase fell within the Phung-Nguyen culture.

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Go Mun

Khotylevo

Palaeolithic sites on the Desna River in the Ukraine. In the Middle Palaeolithic level, there are Levallois cores and bifaces. In the Upper Palaeolithic level, there are Venus figurines.

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Khotylevo

Cambodia

Neolithic peoples inhabited present-day Cambodia during the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. Stone tools have been found in terraces of the Mekong River in possible association with tektites from a shower that fell c 600,000 to 700,000 years ago. In western Cambodia there is an important Hoabinhian sequ...

archaeologsEnglishAncient Cities, Place Names

Cambodia

Mureybet

A site in the curve of the Euphrates 80 km east of Aleppo in Syria, occupied in the late-Epipalaeolithic (Natufian) and Aceramic Neolithic (to PPNB), from c 8500-6800 BC. The Natufian level had a date of 8640 +/- 140 BC. Einkorn was the staple of the villagers' diet, possibly cultivated. It is an...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Mureybet

Gilund

A site in Rajasthan, western India, along the banks of the Banas and its tributaries of the Harappan (Indus) and post-Harappan cultures of the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC. Archaeological evidence indicates that early humans lived there some 100,000 years ago. It became a substantial farming village...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Gilund

Tyre

Site on the coast of Lebanon of a chief city of the Phoenicians from c 2000 BC. It occupied a small island off the coast with two harbors. It was the parent city of Carthage and flourished until its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar in 574/572 BC after a long siege. Between 538-332 it was ruled by th...

archaeologsEnglishAncient Cities, Place Names

Tyre

Dendra

A Bronze Age cemetery in Greece with a Middle Helladic tumulus, Mycenaean tholos tomb (15th-14th centuries BC), and rich chamber tombs. The associated settlement may be the Mycenaean citadel of Midea.

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Dendra

Kumadzulo

An Early Iron Age village site near Victoria Falls, southern Zambia, dated between the 5th-7th centuries AD. Kumadzulo has preserved the remains of several rectangular pole and clay houses of unusually small size. There was herding of domestic animals and the presence of grindstones and iron hoes...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Kumadzulo

Adria

A town in northeastern Italy founded by the Etruscans or the Veneti which flourished as a port on the Adriatic Sea in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. It was an intersection of Etruscan and Greek trade, linking Etruria, the Po Valley, and northern Europe. The silting up of the Po and Adige deltas ca...

archaeologsEnglishAncient Cities, Place Names

Adria

Cahokia Point

This side notched , triangular arrow point has straight sides to slightly concave basal edges. A few may have slightly convex basal edges. In a addition to the side notches on the blade, usually just above the primary side notches, or it may be serrated. Points with two or three notches are the m...

archaeologsEnglishPlace Names

Cahokia Point

Arslan Tash

The site of the ancient city of Hadâtu, a provincial capital of the Assyrian kings of northern Syria, first excavated by the French in 1928. There was a central tell surrounded by a circular wall and a palace and temple containing fine ivories, dating from the beginning of the 8th century BC.

archaeologsEnglishAncient Cities, Place Names

Arslan Tash

Puuc

Region in the north-central region of the Yucatán, Mexico, with a distinctive Maya architectural style of 600-900 AD, the last variant of the Classic Maya culture. Its main characteristic is the use of veneer masonry to cover rubble and concrete walls, and the prefabrication of sculpted elements ...

archaeologsEnglishAncient Cities, Place Names, Regions