Marshall, Sir John

British archaeologist who worked in India as Director-General of Archaeological Survey in India and who was part of revealing India's long prehistory. He excavated at Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro and at sites of the Indus Civilization. He discovered much about the Chalcolithic cultures preceding it. He was also interested in Alexander's campaign and in Graeco-Buddhist monuments at Sanchi, and Taxila.

(1876-1958). Director General of Archaeology in India, who excavated at the Harappan civilization site of Mohenjo-Daro in the 1920s. These excavations were published in three fine volumes in 1931, entitled Mohenjodaro and the Indus Civilization, but the excavations themselves were inferior in quality to those conducted by the best archaeologists of the time, demonstrating, for instance, little understanding of the principles of stratigraphy.