Any form of archaeological research or exploration carried out in an actual setting in the natural environment - excavation, surveying, fieldwalking, etc. - rather than in a laboratory, museum, or other such facility. Some archaeologists call everything they do outdoors 'fieldwork', but others distinguish between fieldwork and excavation. Fieldwork, in the narrow sense, consists of the discovery and recording of archaeological sites and their examination by methods other than the use of the shovel and the trowel.