Emery

(1903-1971). British Egyptologist whose long career involved more than 40 years of fieldwork, as well as the production of general books and technical articles. His most important excavations were at El-Amarna and Saqqara.

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Emery

El Zacpool

See Jaina.

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El Zacpool

Eluvial Horizon

A soil horizon from which minerals, humus or plant nutrients have been lost. See illuvial horizon.

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El Tajin

The major Classic Period centre located in a rain forest valley in northern Veracruz, Mexico. Its central structures are very tightly grouped but there are hundreds of other structures spread about the valley which remain to be investigated. The art style of the site was subject to many influence...

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El Tajin

Els Tudons

[Es Tudons]. A tomb of naveta type on the island of Minorca. It is c!4 metres long and contains a two-storeyed chamber originally housing the remains of many individuals. It is built in Cyclopean masonry and, as the term naveta implies, is vaguely boat-shaped in plan. Like the othernaveiason the ...

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Elster

See Anglian.

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Elsloo

A settlement of the Neolithic Linear Pottery culture in southern Holland. Long houses of various types have been found, as in the other Dutch sites of this culture, such as Geleen, Sittard and Stein.

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El Paraiso

Located in the flood plain of the lower Chillón Valley on the central coast of Peru, El Paraiso (also known as Chuquitanta) dates to Preceramic Period VI. Considerably larger than other contemporary sites, its massive architectural complex of mounds, courts and rooms interconnected by corridors c...

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El Oficio

A hilltop settlement of the Arg-aric Early Bronze Age in Almeria, northeast Spain. The site was surrounded by a thick defensive wall. Inside were rectangular houses of stone, some with evidence of wooden upper storeys, packed tightly together. 200 burials were found within the settlement, some un...

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El Molle

See Agrelo.

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El Molle

Elmenteitan

A Neolithic industry which occurs in a restricted, well-watered highland area on the west side of the central Rift Valley in Kenya. Typical artefact assemblages include large double-edged obsidian blades, plain pottery bowls and shallow stone vessels of unknown function. Domestic cattle and small...

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Elm Decline

A permanent fall in elm pollen, seen in pollen diagrams from Britain and Northern Europe. In diagrams plotted from proportional pollen counts, other trees are largely unaffected. Radiocarbon dates for the elm decline in Britain mostly fall between 3300 and 3100 be, some time after the first appea...

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Ellora

Site in central India with several rock-cut Buddhist, Jain and Hindu temples, mainly of the 6th-8th centuries ad. Many of them have fine sculptures.

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Elliot Smith

(1871-1937). An anatomist by training, who became interested in many aspects of archaeology. He was involved, for instance, in the examination of the remains from Piltdown and it has even been suggested that he may have been implicated in the forgery. He is best known, however, for his espousal o...

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Elliot Smith

El Khril

Capsian Neolithic site near Tangier in northern Morocco. The pottery is of cardial type, akin to contemporary Iberian wares, and is associated with evidence for the herding of small stock.

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El Jobo

One of a series of stone tool complexes found at a group of sitesin northwestern Venezuela. Designated the Joboid series, they appear to span a considerable time period. There are no absolute dates but ancient erosional episodes have defined a series of terraces upon which man-made lithics were d...

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El Inga

Paleo-Indian site in highland Ecuador, 24 km south of Quito, at which a large and varied inventory of flint and obsidian tools provides evidence for man’s southward passage through South America. Fishtail points from El Inga level I show technological and morphological similarities to Clovis/Fols...

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El Guettar

An Aterian site in southern Tunisia. The relatively moist climate of the Sahara at this time is demonstrated by the presence of rhinoceros remains in these northerly latitudes.

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Elgin

(1766-1841). British diplomat best known for transporting the marble sculptures from the Parthenon in Athens to London. Since 1816 these sculptures, known as the ‘Elgin Marbles’, have been among the prime exhibits of the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities of the British Museum. The removal...

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Elgin