Archaeologs - Archaeologs

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Gamble's Cave

Situated in the central Rift Valley of Kenya, adjacent to a high beach level of the formerly combined lakes Nakuru and Elmenteita, this cave contains a long sequence attributed to the Eburran industry (formerly known as the Upper Kenya Capsian). A later horizon contains an Elmenteitan occurrence.

EnglishPlace Names

Gamble's Cave

archaeologsPlace Names

Gallurus Oratory

A boat-shaped oratory situated on the Dingle peninsula in Co. Kerry, Ireland. Few examples of pre-11 th century Irish ecclesiastical architecture have survived, since most early Celtic monastic buildings were primitive constructions of timber or dry stone, but there are a few remaining beehive ce...

Gallinazo

A culture that flourished in the Viru Valley in Peru between c200 bc and ad 200 (see Early Intermediate Period). Together with the slightly earlier Salinar, the Gallinazo culture is seen as transitional from ChaviN-associated groups, such as Cupis-nique, to the rise of the Moche state. Some decor...

EnglishArtifacts, Ancient Pottery

Gallery Grave

One of the major categories of megalithic tomb in prehistoric Europe, characterized by a rectangular chamber with no separate entrance passage. Gallery graves are frequently but not always found under long barrows; they may be subdivided (segmented) or have additional side chambers (transepted); ...

Gagarino

A late Palaeolithic site in the Don basin of European Russia. Mammoth hunters of this Kostenkian or east Gravet-tian group carved bone and ivory copiously, including female figurines of the ‘Venus’ type. Huts were also discovered.

Gades

[Phoenician Gadir, modem Spanish Cadiz]. City in southwest Spain. In antiquity Gades enjoyed great prosperity for more than a millenium as a commercial port. Tradition dates its foundation (by Phoenicians from Tyre) to 1100 bc, but a date in the 7th or 8th century bc is perhaps more plausible. Pr...

Gabillou

Cave with Upper Palaeolithic occupation close to Mussidan in the Dordogne, southwest France. Levels of Mag-dalenian type were found in the cave. Numerous engravings are believed to be of the same date. They are amongst the finest and most delicate ever found from the Palaeolithic period.

EnglishPlace Names

Funan

(probably a transcription of the Chinese rendering of the Old Khmer word for ‘mountain’). The first Indianized kingdom of Southeast Asia, founded in the 1st century ad in the lower valley of the Mekong in present Cambodia. According to legend it came into being as a result of the union of an Indi...

Fukui

A deep stratified rock shelter in Nagasaki prefecture on Kyushu, Japan. The unmistakable stone tools from the oldest layer, dated older than 31,900 years, are among the earliest convincing evidence of human occupation of Japan. Microblades appear in the last Palaeolithic layer, and continue in th...

Fu Hao

[Fu Hao]. A consort of Wu Ding, the fourth Shang king to rule at Anyang. Fu Hao is mentioned in many oracle bone texts. Her tomb, discovered at Anyang Xiaotun in 1976, is the only royal tomb of the Shang period found intact and the only one whose occupant could be identified: many bronzes from th...

Fufeng

[Fu-feng], District just north of the Wei River in central Shaanxi province, China. The Zhouyuan region, comprising Fufeng and neighbouring Qishan, is exceptionally rich in Western Zhou remains; this area was the centre of Zhou power for several generations preceding the founding of the Zhou dyna...

Fuegian Tradition

A tradition based on the exploitation of marine resources and operative on the southern coast and offshore islands of southern Chile. Although a shell-midden site at Englefield Island has provided radiocarbon dates in the range 7200-6500 be (± 1500 years) they are generally thought to be too earl...

Frying Pan

A special type of shallow pottery bowl found in the Cycladic Early Bronze Age. It is characterized by low sides, a highly decorated base and a handle split into two knob-like projections. The resemblance to a frying pan is superficial and certainly misleading. The vessels were probably used for r...

Froth Flotation

A method of flotation.

Frost Marks

The features of an archaeological site may be revealed on an aerial photo graph by the differential retention of frost in hollows and over different types of material.

Frost Marks

archaeologsOthers

Fromms Landing

A rock shelter on the banks of the lower Murray River, South Australia, 16 km from Devon Downs. Human occupation lasted about 2000 years from c3000 be. Stone artefacts included Pirri points and microliths in the same layers down to the earliest levels. A well preserved dingo skeleton was dated to...

Frisians

A loose-knit collection of tribes who inhabited the North Sea littoral between the Rhine and the Elbe from later Roman times. These communities traditionally lived in nucleated villages constructed on mounds (terps), safe from sudden inundations by the sea. The Frisians stubbornly resisted the an...

Frere

(1740-1807). English antiquary famous for his precocious recognition of the antiquity of man. In 1797 he wrote to the Society of Antiquaries reporting on the discovery of flint implements found in association with bones of extinct animals in a brickearth pit at Hoxne, Suffolk. Frere recognized th...

Frere

archaeologsNations

Fraser River Sites

Complex of sites centred on the Fraser River system in southern British Columbia, Canada. Three culturally distinct areas (the Canyon, the Plateau and the Delta) contain evidence of the differing influences which ultimately coalesced into the Northwest Coast tradition. Artefacts from the Plateau ...

Fraser River Sites

archaeologsOthers

Franks

A Germanic tribe who crossed the Rhine in the later 3rd and 4th centuries. The Salian Franks settled in Flanders around the Gallo-Roman centre of Toumai, while the Ripurian Franks penetrated the central Rhineland and Cologne, Bonn and Mainz. Both tribes rose to dominate early medieval politics. T...

Franchthi Cave

A cave in the Argolid, southern Greece, with a long stratigraphy covering the period which saw the transition from hunting and gathering to farming as the basis of life. A late Palaeolithic occupation of the 10th millennium be was followed by an 8th-millennium be Mesolithic deposit, when obsidian...

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