Others - Archaeologs

Others

Discover other things about archaeology.

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Recently Added: Others

Loch Lomond Stadial

Stadial of the Dev-ensian cold stage which occurred between 11,000 and 10,000 bp. Small glaciers were formed in the high mountains of Wales and the Lake District and an ice-cap was formed over the highlands of Scotland. The Loch Lomond stadial may be correlated with Godwin’s pollen zone III and t...

Loam

A particular texture in soil. When used in soil science, the term has no implications of colour, organic content, or any property other than texture.

Llano

The earliest Paleo-Indian Big Game Hunting culture. Its chief diagnostic trait is the presence of Clovis materials (especially the fluted point) in association with mammoth remains. Typically, sites are located in what was once a boggy lakeshore environment. The type site is located in the easter...

Llama

A relative of the camel, the llama was the principal beast of burden in prehistoric Andean societies, although it was also exploited to a lesser extent for its wool and meat. The first clear evidence of its domestication (dating to the Initial Period) comes from ceremonial burials in the Viru Val...

Liyu

[Li-yii]. A village near Hunyuan in northern Shanxi, China, where a large hoard of bronzes of the 6th and 5th centuries bc was found in 1923. The name Liyu has since been applied to a style of decoration shared by many bronzes from the hoard and characterized by an interlace of dragons, whose rib...

Little Woodbury

Palisaded farmstead of the Iron Age (probably beginning in the 4th century bc) located on Salisbury plain, southern England. Excavations by Gerhard Bersu in 1938-9 were among the first to employ the open area approach to prehistoric sites and the results achieved make this still a classic excavat...

Lipari

The largest of the Aeolian islands of the Tyrrhenian Sea north of Sicily. Lipari was important in prehistory because it possessed a source of the much-prized volcanic glass, obsidian; later in prehistory it remained important because of its strategic position, which allowed communities positioned...

Lion

The lion, Panthera (Felis) leo is today restricted to the open savanna and plains of Africa south of the Sahara. Previously it inhabited much of Europe as well, and even in the 19th century its range covered most of Africa and large areas of southwestern Asia. Fossils of lion occur in European ca...

Lin-Yi

A kingdom founded in 192 in the southernmost part of the Han Chinese commandery of Jih-nan in present central Vietnam. Later it became known as the Ind-ianized kingdom of Champa, which was eventually absorbed by Vietnam in the course of its expansion into the southern part of the Indochinese Peni...

Lin-Yi

archaeologsOthers

Linyi

[Lin-i]. A county in southern Shandong province, China. In the past decade, at least ten important Western Han tombs have been excavated in this district, some richly furnished with paintings on silk and lacquers comparable to those from Mawangdui. A tomb excavated in 1972 at Linyi Yinqueshan con...

Lingyuan Xian Haidaoyingzicun

[Ling-yüan-hsien Hai-tao-ying-tzu-ts’unJ. The designation sometimes given to the provenance of a Western Zhou bronze hoard from Kezuo Xian, Liaoning province, China. See Yan.

Lingyuan Xian Haidaoyingzicun

archaeologsOthers

Lingtai

[Ling-t’ai]. County in eastern Gansu province, China, where nine Western Zhou tombs and a chariot burial were excavated in 1967 and 1972. Two well-preserved tombs contained bronze ritual vessels, jades, and a wide variety of bronze weapons including four short swords. Lingtai is just across the b...

Lingtai

archaeologsOthers

Lindisfarne Gospel

This gospel book, written out and painted by the order of Eadfrith, Bishop of Lindisfarne between 698 and 721, is one of the most splendid Early Christian manuscripts from the British Isles. Its sumptuous decoration shows a slight weakening of the great Irish tradition (see Book Of Kells), but it...

Lindisfarne

Island off the coast of Northumberland, northeast England. In 634 King Oswald gave the island to St Aidan and other monks from Iona to found a monastery. The foundation followed the Irish pattern until the Synod of Whitby (664), when Lindisfarne relinquished its Celtic traditions and embraced the...

Lincoln

[Roman Lindum]. An important Roman colonia in eastern England on the main Roman route north. The site on raised ground above the River Witham relates to the intersection of two principal Roman roads, the Fosse Way and Ermine Street. Limestone of good quality was available from a local quarry. The...

Limes

[Latin: ‘cross-path’ or ‘baulk between fields’]. The term limes came to mean a military road with forts and watchtowers, and ultimately a frontier. From the 1st century ad, as imperial boundaries gradually stabilized, frontiers gained permanent garrisons. From the time of Hadrian (117-138) the li...

Lifan

[Li-fan]. Type site northwest of Chengdu, China, of a local culture of western Sichuan province characterized by slate cist burials. Grave goods suggest that the Lifan culture flourished in the late Eastern Zhou and early Han periods and point to very wide-ranging contacts, including metropolitan...

Li Ding

[li-ting]. A name sometimes given to lobed tripods intermediate in shape between li and ding vessels.

Li Ding

archaeologsOthers

Liangzhu

[Liang-chu]. Type site near Hangzhou, China, of the Liangzhu culture. Represented at many sites in northern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, and Shanghai, Liangzhu is a continuation of the Majiabang culture of the same region. Seven radiocarbon dates range from c3300 to c2250 BC. The Liangzhu jade ind...

Liangzhu

archaeologsOthers

Lezoux

Site in Puy-de-Dôme, central France. Important centre for the production of terra sigillata or ‘Samian’ pottery from the 1st to the 4th centuries. Neither the ancient name nor the detailed development of the site is known, but Lezoux appears to be an example of an industrial vicus. Excavation has...

Lezoux

archaeologsOthers

Levkas

One of the Ionian islands off the west coast of Greece, where excavations by DOrpfeld revealed occupation in several prehistoric periods: Neolithic settlement in the Chirospilia Cave and groups of Early and Middle Bronze Age burials in several locations. The Early Bronze Age burials were crematio...

Level

A surveying instrument, used in conjunction with a graduated staff to determine height differences. The term is also used to refer to the actual height measurements taken with such an instrument. More generally, archaeologists often use the term ‘level’ interchangeably with layer.

Levanzo

A cave in the Egadi Islands off Sicily with fine engravings of animals. It belongs to the Roman elli an group of cl0,000 be.

Levallois

Levallois flake is a kind of special flake removed from a prepared core, sometimes a tortoise core. It took its name from a suburb of northern Paris, where an early example was found. In a more general way, the term ‘Levallois technique’ is used to describe this method of flaking. The concept of ...

Levallois

archaeologsOthers

Leubingen

An early Bronze Age chieftain’s burial of the Un£tice culture in Saxony, Germany. It consisted of a lean-to wooden mortuary chamber under a stone cairn, itself covered by a barrow c34 metres in diameter. Inside was the burial of an extended elderly male and, place at right angles across him, a se...

Lej

A small open settlement of the Early Neolithic Cri§ culture, the Rumanian regional variant of the First Temperate Neolithic, with later Boian and Gumelnita occupation levels. Located in the upper Olt Valley and dated typologically to the early 5th millennium be, LeJ is a rare example of a multi-l...

Lej

archaeologsOthers

Les Eyzies

This village on the Vezere River near the centre of the Dordogne, southwest France, is a natural centre of the rich sites left by prehistoric man in the limestone zone called the Perigord. The chateau and National Museum contains many important finds and underneath it there is a small Magdalenian...

Les Combarelles

A narrow tortuous cave just outside Les Eyzies in the Dordogne, southwest France, where a large series of engravings of Palaeolithic animals was discovered in 1901. Breuil regarded this cave as one of the ‘six giants’ of cave art.

Lerna

Coastal settlement in the Argolid, eastern Peloponnese (southern Greece) occupied in the Neolithic period and the Early and Middle Bronze Age. The Neolithic settlement was followed by a break in occupation and then the site was reoccupied in the Early Helladic II phase, c3000 bc. At this stage it...

Lepsius

(1810-84). Outstanding German Egyptologist of the 19th century. He followed up the lead of Champollion with further work on the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. He also worked in the field and between 1842 and 1855 led an expedition to record the monuments of Egypt and Nubia. The re...

Lepsius

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Lepenski Vir

A hunter-fisher-gatherer site in the Iron Gates gorge of the River Danube, on the right (Yugoslav) bank. Excavated by D. Srejovic, this site produced a three-level stratigraphy. I-II were Mesolithic levels, dated c5400-4600 be, with trapezoidal houses (often with red plastered floors), stone hear...

Leopards Kopje

(Nthabazingwe]. site near Khami, southwestern Zimbabwe. The name was formerly given to the greater part of the local Iron Age sequence, which was believed to reflect a process of internal development. However, recent research has shown that this sequence, like those in neighbouring areas, include...

Leopards Kopje

archaeologsOthers

Leopards Hill

Cave in south-central Zambia, east of Lusaka. The dated sequence covers the whole timespan of the south-central African microlithic industries, from their appearance <20,000 be, through a Nachi-kufan I phase and successive stages, to the appearance of the local Early Iron Age in about the 5th cen...

Lengyel

The type site for a widespread Late Neolithic culture of the 4th millennium be, distributed from central Hungary to western Austria and from southern Poland to Srem in Yugoslavia. The Lengyel culture is divided into two main phases: the Painted Lengyel, defined by white, red and yellow crusted wa...

Le Moustier

The type locality of the Mous-terian ‘epoch’ or Middle Palaeolithic, situated on the Vezere River in the Dordogne, southwest France. Upper Palaeolithic levels cover the Mousterian levels in both the classic shelter and the lower shelter. From the lower shelter came a Neanderthal skeleton of nearl...

Le Lazaret

Cave on the coast close to Nice in southern France, with a considerable thickness of deposits from before the last interglacial, with Acheulian tools and interspersed beach deposits. A human skull fragment is known, and it has been claimed that a hut was constructed inside the cave.

Lelang

[Lo-lang; Korean: Nangnang]. A Chinese commandery, located at modem P’ydngyang, established after the Han conquest of the Korean state of Choson in 108 bc. Lelang survived as an outpost of the Chinese empire until ad 313. Tombs excavated by Japanese archaeologists on the outskirts of the city con...

Leland

(1506-52). British antiquary. In his official capacity as King’s Antiquary (a post which unfortunately did not outlive its first and only holder) Leland toured England and Wales describing places of antiquarian interest, including prominent prehistoric sites.

Leland

archaeologsOthers

Legion

The principal organizational unit of the Roman army, composed of Roman citizens. The legion changed size and character over the Roman period, ranging from a unit of 3,000 with a property qualification under the early kings, to one of6,000 in the final century of the Republic. Numbers changed agai...

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