Ard

An ancient light plow with a simple blade that was used to scratch the surface of the soil rather than turn furrows. It was drawn by animals or man and grooved the ground, but it had no mold board or colter and therefore did not turn over the soil. With this type of plowcross-plowing was usually necessary, with a second plowing at right angles to the first.

Ards were used by the Celts to plough fields. Unlike modern ploughs, which turn over the soil, ards only broke it up. Double ploughing in opposite directions was therefore necessary, and this criss-cross pattern is visible in aerial photographs of Iron Age settlements.

Primitive, form of plough, pulled by man or beast. It has a simple blade with a share which simply scratches the ground and does not turn a furrow. With this type of plough cross-ploughing is normally necessary, involving two ploughings, the second at right angles to the first.

An ancient light plow with a simple blade that was used to scratch the surface of the soil rather than turn furrows. It was drawn by animals or people and grooved the ground, but it had no mold board or colter and therefore did not turn over the soil. With this type of plow cross-plowing was usually necessary, with a second plowing at right angles to the first.